首页
登录
职称英语
How to Cure Jet LagA)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientat
How to Cure Jet LagA)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientat
游客
2024-03-12
26
管理
问题
How to Cure Jet Lag
A)Jet lag is exhausting, disorientating, and can even make you lose your appetite.
B)According to Air & Space magazine the term "jet lag" may have been first coined in February 1966. "If you’re going to be a member of the Jet Set and fly off to Katmandu for coffee with King Mahendra," wrote Horace Sutton in the Los Angeles Times, "you can count on contracting Jet Lag, a debility like a hangover. Jet Lag derives from the simple fact that jets travel so fast they leave your body rhythms behind."
C)It’s only in the last few decades that humans have been able to jump time zones, and we’ ve yet to find a way to adapt. But what actually happens to our bodies when we leap across time zones and how is research helping us understand how to ease the effects?
D)Jet lag is the result of a disruption in our body’ s internal clocks. Our biological clocks drive our circadian rhythms(生理节奏), which anticipate dawn and dusk, and controls everything from blood pressure to how hungry we are. The system is a "master clock" in our brain that is sensitive to our exposure to light coordinates all the body clocks within our organs and tissues.
E)It takes most people a few days to fully adjust, depending on not only how many time zones have been crossed, but also the direction of travel. Adjusting to eastward travel is harder because of the way our internal body clock functions. As this clock follows a period of just over 24 hours, our bodies compensate every day by contracting this to keep up with the regular 24-hour sun cycle. When you travel west, you gain several hours, and so your body has extra time to make this adjustment. Travel east, though, and your day is shortened, which makes the adjustment more difficult.
Shift work
F)So how possible is it to fool our biological clocks? "There is no silver bullet—so far—to treat jet lag," says Horacio de la Iglesia, professor of biology at the University of Washington. "Typically, the best way involves a combination of strategies that include restricting light exposure to specific times, restricting rest and meals, as well as activities such as walking and running to specific times." Simon Archer from Surrey University agrees, at least in principle. "A combined approach can be helpful, but in practice it may be difficult to get all the timings right—it may be very difficult not to be exposed to light at an inappropriate time."
G)All these strategies are aimed at speeding up the adjustment of our multiple clocks to the new time zone. Work over the past 15 years has led to an amazing increase in our understanding of the circadian clock, light input and jet lag, says Stuart Peirson of the Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology at Oxford University.
H)Together with his team, he has been studying how light changes the expression of clock genes in the SCN. Increased expression of certain clock genes effectively moves the molecular "hands" of the clock to the correct time, says Peirson—but there seems to be a limit on how much the clock can be shifted: it’ s just one hour per day. "Our work in this area has identified a natural brake—a protein called SIK1—that is activated by light and actively prevents the clock shifting. Normally it would take five or six days to adjust to a six-hour shift in time zone. "When this[SIK1]mechanism is blocked, it enables mice to shift their clocks much more quickly—shifting six hours in two-to-three days," says Peirson.
Be prepared
I)Some scientists are looking at how we can avoid jet lag by preparing for it in advance. "We believe it is important for many people to start the process of shifting your internal rhythms before the flight, so that you arrive with little or no jet lag," says Charmane Eastman at Rush University in Chicago, Illinois. "Most recommendations and computer-based programs only make recommendations for what to do after landing in the new time zone."
J)Together with colleagues, Eastman has been investigating how people could reset their body clocks before flying.
Speed shift
K)There might also be ways to adjust the body clock without drugs. Another group of scientists has designed an app called Entrain that uses mathematical modelling to determine how our body can shift from one time zone to another in the quickest way possible. If users type in the timezone they are travelling to, the app calculates a schedule that tells the user when they should expose themselves to light.
L)The researchers say it’s probably easiest for travellers to divide their day into two parts, one where they seek as much light as possible and another where they should try to be in darkness—essentially corresponding to dawn and dusk. The software "should allow an individual to get over jet lag in less than half the time than if one use other well-known recommendations," says Daniel Forger of the University of Michigan, a co-author of the study.
M)The schedules themselves haven’t been tested in controlled environments; the data people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the real world—and the team says they have data from over 5,000 people so far. "Hopefully our schedules can be integrated into more devices so that they become easier to follow," says lead developer of Entrain, mathematician Olivia Walch at the University of Michigan. "Maybe hotels could offer 10,000 lux lights so that people can get bright daylight when they need it to push their clocks in the right direction."
N)You can start to fill in the new time zone by altering their habits of rest and and meals gradually. For example, you may sleep earlier and ensure the room where you sleep is totally dark and quiet. You can also eat a bit earlier or late and eat some snacks just to make your body adjust to the new rhythm.
O)Though by far there is no solution to solve this problem completely, scientists said we can still adjust our bodies with those means mentioned above which can greatly lighten the unpleasant feeling caused by jet lag. [br] The schedules provided by Entrain have not been tested in laboratory, but there are some data from the real world which can be used to test it.
选项
答案
M
解析
此句意为:Entrain提供的这些时间表还没能在实验室里得到检验,但是真实世界的数据可以用来检测它。根据题干中的data和the real world可以定位到M段中的The schedules themselves haven’t been tested in controlled environments;thedata people submit will be used to test the efficacy of the recommendations in the realworld…题干中的tested in laboratory实际上就是文中tested in controlled environments所暗含的意思。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3527805.html
相关试题推荐
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
HowtoCureJetLagA)Jetlagisexhausting,disorientat
随机试题
Ourfeverishplanetbadlyneedsacure.Itwasprobablyalwaystoomuchtob
请求更换保险代理说明:假设你是车主,写信给保险公司的经理Anderson先生,请求更换代理。内容:1.自己是AA保险公司约5年的保险客户
金融体系主要由哪些机构构成?
建设工程施工合同分析后,应向各层次管理者( )。A.提交分析报告 B.提交合
一足部患有严重溃疡的糖尿病病人,经治疗病情未减轻,且有发生败血症的危险,此时为保
统计分类标准化应当包括( )A.制定标准 B.发布标准 C.修订标准 D.
(2013年)关于增量成本的说法,正确的有()。A.增量成本是一种前瞻性经济成本
下列交易或事项形成的其他综合收益中,以后期间可以转入损益的有()。A.以公
根据税收征收管理法律制度的规定,对于扣缴义务人未按照规定的期限向税务机关报送其全
“餐叉”畸形见于( )。A.尺骨上端骨折 B.桡骨上端骨折 C.桡骨下端骨
最新回复
(
0
)