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  3. The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely

The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely

游客2024-03-02  29
问题 The first practical measure of intelligence, and in its modem form still widely used, was developed by the French psychologist Alfred Binet, His study of children’s mental abilities began when he noticed that his two daughters walked differently and wondered whether they might also think differently. He and his co-worker set about devising a way to test their intellectual performance. Binet’s method was based on the simple observation that the intellectual performance of a child increases with age. By testing children of various ages, he could discover the intellectual milestones that marked each age.
    In 1905, at the request of the Paris school authorities who wanted a means of identifying children who were slow learners, Binet prepared the forerunner (雏形) of the modem intelligence test. Binet’s test consists of 30 questions corresponding in difficulty to the varying abilities of children between the ages of 3 and 13. The questions ranged from simple tasks, such as asking children to identify their eyes, nose, and mouth, to more complex activities, such as constructing a sentence around certain words. The questions were arranged so that a three-year-old child would be expected to answer progressively more difficult ones.
    Binet was able to establish standards of performance by first giving the test to a sample composed of children of varying ages. He then carefully recorded their scores and specified norms—the distribution of scores obtained by children at different ages. Thus, a child’s intelligence was operationalized(转化为) as the number of items he or she was able to answer correctly. The level achieved indicated the child’s mental age (MA). For example, if a child successfully completed all those items typically answered by the average five-year-old and none above that level, the child’s MA was said to be five years. [br] Questions in Binet’s intelligence test in 1905 were ______.
选项 A、designed for children of all sorts of ages
B、selected freely
C、mostly writing tasks
D、graded in difficulty level
答案 D
解析 第二段的第2、3句说明了智力测验的问题难度安排，与3-13岁孩子的不同能力对应；因此，D)项正确；选项A)中“children of all sorts of ages”显然不符；Binet设计问题从易到难，从认鼻子眼睛到造句，显然是经过周密思考，并不是任意选择的；因此，可排除B)和C)项
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