Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics, so

游客2024-01-13 55

问题 Although genetic mutations in bacteria and viruses can lead to epidemics, some epidemics are caused by bacteria and viruses that have undergone no sig- nificant genetic change. In analyzing the latter, scientists have discovered the importance of social and ecological factors to epidemics. Poliomyelitis, for example, emerged as an epidemic in the United States in the twentieth century; by then, modern sanitation was able to delay exposure to polio until adolescence or adulthood, at which time polio infection produced paralysis. Previously, in- fection had occurred during infancy, when it typically provided lifelong immunity without paralysis. Thus, the hygiene that helped prevent typhoid epidemics indirectly fostered a paralytic po- lio epidemic. Another example is Lyme disease, which is caused by bacteria that are transmitted by deer ticks. It occurred only sporadically during the late nineteenth century but has recently be- come prevalent in parts of the United States, largely due to an increase in the deer population that occurred simultaneously with the growth of the suburbs and increased outdoor recreational activ- ities in the deer’s habitat. Similarly, an outbreak of dengue hemorrhagic fever became an epidemic in Asia in the 1950’s because of ecological changes that caused Aedes aegypti, the mosquito that transmits the dengue virus, to proliferate. The stage is now set in the United States for a dengue epidemic because of the inadvertent introduction and wide dissemination of another mosquito, Aedes albopictus. [br] Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

选项 A、A paradox is stated, discussed and left unresolved.
B、Two opposing explanations are presented, argued, and reconciled.
C、A theory is proposed and is then followed by descriptions of three experiments that support the theory.
D、A generalization is stated and is then followed by three instances that support the generalization.
E、An argument is described and is then followed by three counterexamples that refute the argument.

答案 D

解析原文主要内容：A．paradox没提到。B．两种相对解释。无。C．本文是三次疾病流行实例，不是three experiments。D．正确。提出一总结，继而为支持这总结而给出三个例子。符合原文。E．本文三个例证和一开始观点不是对立关系。

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