首页
登录
职称英语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading
游客
2024-01-07
53
管理
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
Unmasking Skin
A If you took off your skin and laid it flat, it would cover an area of about twenty-one square feet, making it by far the body’s largest organ. Draped in place over our bodies, skin forms the barrier between what’s inside us and what’s outside. It protects us from a multitude of external forces. It serves as an avenue to our most intimate physical and psychological selves.
B This impervious yet permeable barrier, less than a millimetre thick in places, is composed of three layers. The outermost layer is the bloodless epidermis. The dermis includes collagen, elastin, and nerve endings. The innermost layer, subcutaneous fat, contains tissue that acts as an energy source, cushion and insulator for the body.
C From these familiar characteristics of skin emerge the profound mysteries of touch, arguably our most essential source of sensory stimulation. We can live without seeing or hearing — in fact, without any of our other senses. But babies born without effective nerve connections between skin and brain can fail to thrive and may even die.
D Laboratory experiments decades ago, now considered unethical and inhumane, kept baby monkeys from being touched by their mothers. It made no difference that the babies could see, hear and smell their mothers; without touching, the babies became apathetic, and failed to progress.
E For humans, insufficient touching in early years can have lifelong results. ’In touching cultures, adult aggression is low, whereas in cultures where touch is limited, adult aggression is high,’ writes Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institutes at the University of Miami School of Medicine. Studies of a variety of cultures show a correspondence between high rates of physical affection in childhood and low rates of adult physical violence.
F While the effects of touching are easy to understand, the mechanics of it are less so. ’Your skin has millions of nerve cells of various shapes at different depths,’ explains Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ’When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction, and no one knows exactly how it takes place.’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split-second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain.
G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ’In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain.’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ’When I get wet, my skin feels wet,’ I protest. ’Close your eyes and lean back,’ says Bolanowski
H Something cold and wet is on my forehead — so wet, in fact, that I wait for water to start dripping down my cheeks. ’Open your eyes.’ Bolanowski says, showing me that the sensation comes from a chilled, but dry, metal cylinder. The combination of pressure and cold, he explains, is what makes my skin perceive wetness. He gives me a surgical glove to put on and has me put a finger in a glass of cold water. My finger feels wet, even though I have visual proof that it’s not touching water. My skin, which seemed so reliable, has been deceiving me my entire life. When I shower or wash my hands, I now realize, my skin feels pressure and temperature. It’s my brain that says I feel wet.
I Perceptions of pressure, temperature and pain manifest themselves in many different ways. Gentle stimulation of pressure receptors can result in ticklishness; gentle stimulation of pain receptors, in itching. Both sensations arise from a neurological transmission, not from something that physically exists. Skin, I’m realizing, is under constant assault, both from within the body and from forces outside. Repairs occur with varying success.
J Take the spot where I nicked myself with a knife while slicing fruit. I have a crusty scab surrounded by pink tissue about a quarter inch long on my right palm. Under the scab, epidermal cells are migrating into the wound to close it up. When the process is complete, the scab will fall off to reveal new epidermis. It’s only been a few days, but my little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter.
Questions 27-30
Reading Passage 3 has ten paragraphs, A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet. [br] an experiment in which the writer can see what is happening
选项
答案
H
解析
由experiment以及writer can see what is happening可知题目关于作者亲眼看到的实验。文章提到实验的地方有D段及H段,D段讲的是十多年前对猴子做的实验,作者没有亲眼看到,故可排除D。而H段第四、五句提到,作者戴上手术手套后把一只手指放进了一只装满了冷水的杯子里。他能看到自己的手指没有直接触碰水,但却有湿润感。I have visual proof与the writer can see what is happening为同义表达,故答案为H。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3342592.html
相关试题推荐
Despiteitsmany(i)________,thewhole-languagephilosophyofteachingreading
Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe(i)______ourselves;theyshou
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyouquestionsaboutyourself,suchas:——What’syo
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyouquestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What’syo
Discussiontopic:CitiesandCountrysideExamplequestions:•Compareandcont
Discussiontopic:BooksExamplequestions:•Whatkindofbooksdopeopleinyou
Youshouldsay:whichbookitwasandwhenyoureaditwhatfeelingsyouhadw
3.PART3Discussiontopic:SuccessExamplequestions:•Inyourcountry,howis
Tellmeaboutafilmyouhaveseen.Youshouldsay:whatthetitleofthefil
随机试题
Nowadaysitismuchsaferforbusinessmenwhodon’thavetotakelargeamountso
Whendid"TheOprahWinfreyShow"becomenationallypopular?[originaltext]O
[audioFiles]audio_etoefz_025(20051)[/audioFiles]A、Sherealizestheequipmentis
ThePowerofNiceInfiction,filmandpopularcultu
曹雪芹曾在《红楼梦》中通过林黛玉口称它曲词警人,余香满口的是哪部戏剧作品。(
试验依据与判定依据选择的原则正确的是()A.选择判定依据中明确的相对应的试验方
常用于治疗局部皮肤麻木或功能减退的拔罐法是A.留罐法 B.闪罐法 C.走罐法
蛋白质三级结构指的是A.局部肽链的全部原子的空间排布位置 B.整条肽链的全部氨
共用题干 一般资料:求助者,女性,18岁,大专学生。下面是心理咨询师与求助者的
依据《道路交通安全法》的规定,在没有交通信号的道路上,应当在()的原则下通
最新回复
(
0
)