2. 职称英语
  3. Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic s

Reading In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic s

游客2024-01-04  40
问题     Reading
    In this question, you will read a short passage on an academic subject, and then listen to a talk on the same topic. Then you will answer a question using information from both the reading and the talk. After the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.
    Now read the passage about ways of establishing animal intelligence. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
Animal Intelligence
    A traditional method for determining an animal’s intelligence was related to the ratio of brain to body mass. However, this method was inconsistent. Most humming birds have a higher ratio than humans, although they are clearly less intelligent. Current attempts to quantify an animal’s intelligence focus on observations of social behavior and problem-solving skills. Species with well-developed social lives, which usually require advanced forms of communication, are considered more intelligent. However, communication is not the only factor to consider. Another area that is given a lot of importance in these investigations is the level and style of play employed by younger members of the species. The more elaborate the play, the higher the level of intelligence assumed. Another indicator of intelligence is the use of tools. This shows an increased awareness of an animal’s immediate environment and an understanding of cause and effect, which is based on the ability to predict future results.
    Listening

    Question
    The professor describes the behavior of dolphins. Explain how their behavior shows a high level of intelligence.
We’ve been looking at how to judge how smart an animal is. So, let’s look at dolphins a bit and see how they rate. Now, dolphins spend a lot of their time playing, especially when they are young. One activity they seem to enjoy involves the production of bubble rings. Either they will shoot air from their blowholes to make them, or they will swim in a tight circle many times and then stop to inject air into the vortex currents their swimming has created. Once the rings are created, the dolphins will watch them rise to the surface both with their eyes and with their sonar. When they’re finished playing, dolphins like to eat. One hunting method involves digging through the mud bottom of shallow water. Here is something interesting, though. The dolphins around Australia have recently been observed biting off pieces of sponge and wrapping them around their noses. This basic tool - the sponge is a type of tool in this case - prevents the dolphins’ noses from getting scratched.
选项
答案     The way that dolphins play and hunt shows that they are intelligent. One method for determining an animal’s intelligence is related to the complexity of its games. Dolphins play with air rings that they create themselves. This involves knowing how to swim in a certain way to create a vortex and then shooting air into it. They also like to watch their creations as they rise to the surface. Another way to judge intelligence is to look for the use of tools. An animal that can use tools has a good understanding of its surroundings and can also understand cause and effect. This means that it can think about the future and guess what will happen next. Dolphins use sponges when they hunt. They wrap the sponges around their noses and this prevents them from hurting themselves when they dig through the mud looking for food. In short, the ways that they play and use tools show that dolphins are intelligent.
解析 阅读短文之后，再听与短文内容相关的讲座，思考时间为30秒钟，作答时间为60秒钟。与其他口语题一样，你可以用30秒钟的时间来概括讲座的要点，作为回答时的参考。原文涉及到社会科学、人文科学、自然科学等多个主题。一般来说，阅读短文的主题比较抽象，而讲座则举具体事例进行说明。
    阅读短文中提到，决定动物智商的标准在于它们做的游戏和对工具的使用。讲座从这种观点出发，分析了海豚的智商。海豚的游戏是吹泡泡圈，对工具的使用是在寻找食物的时候用海绵把嘴包起来。参考答案在开头就提出了教授在讲座最后下的结论，即海豚很聪明。然后在对海豚游戏进行具体说明之前，补充说道判断动物智商的标准和游戏的复杂程度有关。同样，说明海豚对工具使用方式的部分概括了短文中提到的使用工具的动物可以认识环境并理解因果关系。参考答案并不是单纯地概括讲座的内容，而是判断短文的核心信息和观点，再与讲座内容相结合进行说明。也就是说，短文的信息是框架，讲座是内容，应该以这样的方式进行回答。
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