首页
登录
职称英语
"Organic Architecture" One of the most striking personalities in the developm
"Organic Architecture" One of the most striking personalities in the developm
游客
2024-01-03
71
管理
问题
"Organic Architecture"
One of the most striking personalities in the development of early-twentieth-century architecture was Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959). Wright moved to Chicago, where he eventually joined the firm headed by Louis Sullivan. Wright set out to create "architecture of democracy." Always a believer in architecture as "natural" and "organic," Wright saw it as serving free individuals who have the right to move within a "free" space, envisioned as a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its natural surroundings. He sought to develop an organic unity of planning, structure, materials, and site. Wright identified the unity: "Classic architecture was all fixation. ... Now why not let walls, ceilings, floors become seen as component parts of each other? ... This ideal, profound in its architectural implications ... I called ... continuity."
Wright manifested his vigorous originality early, and by 1900 he had arrived at a style entirely his own. In his work during the first decade of the twentieth century, his cross-axial plan and his fabric of continuous roof planes and screens defined a new domestic architecture.
Wright fully expressed these elements and concepts in Robie House, built between 1907 and 1909. Like other buildings in the Chicago area he designed at about the same time, he called this home a "prairie house." Wright conceived the long, sweeping ground-hugging lines, unconfined by abrupt wall limits, as reaching out toward and capturing the expansiveness of the Midwest’s great flatlands. Abandoning all symmetry, the architect eliminated a facade, extended the roofs far beyond the walls, and all but concealed the entrance. Wright filled the "wandering" plan of the Robie House with intricately joined spaces (some large and open, others closed), grouped freely around a great central fireplace. A (He believed strongly in the hearth’s age-old domestic significance.) Wright designed enclosed patios, overhanging roofs, and strip windows to provide unexpected light sources and glimpses of the outdoors as people move through the interior space. B These elements, together with the open ground plan, create a sense of space-in-motion inside and out. C The flow of interior space determined the sharp, angular placement of exterior walls. D
The Robie House is a good example of Wright’s "naturalism," his adjusting of a building to its site. In this particular case, however, the confines of the city lot constrained the building-to-site relationship more than did the sites of some of Wright’s more expansive suburban and country homes. The Kaufmann House, nicknamed "Fallingwater" and designed as a weekend retreat at Bear Run near Pittsburgh, is a prime example of the latter. Perched on a rocky hillside over a small waterfall, this structure extends the Robie House’s blocky masses in all four directions. Since the completion of this residence, architects and the public alike have marveled at the fluid interplay between interior and exterior. In designing Fallingwater, Wright, in keeping with his commitment to an "architecture of democracy," sought to incorporate the structure more fully into the site, thereby ensuring a fluid, dynamic exchange between the interior of the house and the natural environment outside. Rather than build a house overlooking or next to the waterfall, Wright decided to build it over the waterfall, because he believed that the inhabitants would become desensitized to the waterfall’s presence and power if they merely overlooked it. To take advantage of the location, Wright designed a series of terraces on three levels from a central core structure. The contrast in textures between concrete, painted metal, and natural stones in its walls enliven its shapes, as does Wright’s use of full-length strip windows to create a stunning interweaving of interior and exterior space.
The implied message of Wright’s new architecture was space, not mass—a space designed to fit the patron’s life and enclosed and divided as required. Wright took special pains to meet his client’s requirements, often designing all the accessories of a house. In the late 1930s, he acted on a cherished dream to provide good architectural design for less prosperous people by adapting the ideas of his prairie house to plans for smaller, less expensive dwellings. The publication of Wright’s plans brought him a measure of fame in Europe, especially in Holland and Germany. The issuance in Berlin in 1910 of a portfolio of his work and an exhibition of his designs the following year stimulated younger architects to adopt some of his ideas about open plans. Some forty years before his career ended, his work was already of revolutionary significance. [br] An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
By 1900, Frank Lloyd Wright had developed a unique style of architecture.
-
-
-
Answer Choices
A Wright spent a few years extending his influence to Europe where he was well known.
B Frank Lloyd Wright had attended the University of Wisconsin prior to taking a position with a Chicago firm.
C Wright became famous for spaces that were true to their organic functions.
D "Fallingwater," like other suburban and country homes that Wright built, joined the structure to the natural setting.
E Wright was interested in the design of German building blocks for children created by Friedrich Froebel.
F Robie House and other buildings in Chicago were examples of an organic structure called a "prairie house."
选项
答案
C, F, D
解析
summarize the passage. Choices A, B, and E are details of Wright’s professional life that are not main points in the passage.
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3329408.html
相关试题推荐
(Rarelyhas)atechnologicaldevelopment(had)asgreatan(impacton)societya
______importantdevelopmentoftheNeolithicagewasnotinthemanufactureof
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
OrganicArchitectureOneofthemoststrikingpers
"Piaget’sCognitiveDevelopmentTheory"ThefamousSwisspsychol
"Piaget’sCognitiveDevelopmentTheory"ThefamousSwisspsychol
随机试题
[originaltext]Whyaretheroadsblockedoff?(A)There’llbeaparadelatertoda
崇左市因其美丽的跨国瀑布(transnationalwaterfalls)和独具魅力的民族文化吸引了大量的游客。Chongzuoattractsagre
水利工程的开标时间为( )。A.提交投标文件截止时间 B.提交投标文件截止时
只要能抒发自我之情的作品,就是好作品()
已经按框架计算完毕的框架结构,后来再加上一些剪力墙,结构的安全性将有何变化?
“十二五”规划与此前的规划比较,一个突出亮点就是过去的规划更多的是追求“国强”,
随着商业银行综合化经营范围的拓宽和国际化业务的推进,商业银行资产负债管理的对象和
下列对TI抗原的描述中,正确的是A.刺激机体产生抗体时需T细胞辅助 B.多为蛋
辐射逆温是由( )。A.外来射线产生 B.地表物体对辐射热的吸收量小于散出量
七、男,55岁。有慢性乙肝史10年,近4个月来右上腹隐痛、乏力、食欲减退,体重下
最新回复
(
0
)