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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

游客2023-12-31  54
问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C10】
选项 A、point
B、lead
C、come
D、amount
答案 B
解析 本题空格所在句子是一个that引导的定语从句，从句的主语是that的先行词changes in the economy，谓语是空格处填入的动词与to的搭配，宾语是fewer job opportunities and rising unemployment。由于四个选项动词都可与to搭配，组成短语动词，如：point to the sharp death in road death(指明马路死亡事故剧增)；too much worklead to illness(劳累过度引起生病)；come to an understanding(达成谅解)；Herstandards amounted to perfection(她简直要求事事十全十美)。因此关键要判断哪个短语动词符合句意。首先，从结构上看，这个短语动词【C10】______to应该反映逻辑主语经济变化对宾语减少的工作机会施加的动作。从备选项看，只有B项lead to能表达经济变化与减少的工作机会之间的关系，即经济变化导致了年轻人就业机会减少，其余三项都不符合逻辑，不能说“经济变化指向／到达/等同于工作机会减少”。
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