2. 职称英语
  3. Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task o

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task o

游客2023-12-31  39
问题     Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
    In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual’ s life. The rewards of the group’ s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
    While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
    In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship. [br] The underlined word "cherished" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
选项 A、prized
B、based on
C、defined
D、set up
答案 A
解析 本题考查推理判断。reach a jointly cherished goal应与or前perform a task同义或近义。后者表示“完成一项任务”，所以前者表示“达到一个共同——的目标”。Prized“有价值的”，based on“基于”，defined“定义”，set up“建立”。比较可知，答案是A。
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