首页
登录
职称英语
[originaltext] All the characteristics and abilities a person acquires and a
[originaltext] All the characteristics and abilities a person acquires and a
游客
2023-12-29
45
管理
问题
All the characteristics and abilities a person acquires and all developmental changes result from two basic, though complex, processes: learning and maturation. Since the two processes almost always interact, it is difficult to separate their effects from each other or to specify the relative contribution of each to a child’s development. Clearly, growth in height is not learned but depends on maturation, a biological process. But improvements in motor activities such as walking depend on maturation and learning, and the interaction between them.
What, then, are maturation and learning? Developmental psychologists are not entirely in agreement, though there is a common core of accepted meaning. Thus all definitions of maturation stress organic processes or structural changes occurring within an individual’s body that are relatively independent of external environmental conditions, experiences, or practice. By maturation, it is meant development of the organism as a function of time, or age.
Learning has also been defined in diverse ways, but the term generally refers to changes in behavior or performance as a consequence of experience. Learning is the process by which an activity originates or is changed through training procedures as distinguished from changes not attributable to training.
A number of important and stimulating theories of learning have been proposed, each with its own set of principles and hypotheses for explaining the learning process. For our purposes, we do not need to be concerned with the specific details of the learning process, even though learning plays the most important role in most aspects of development and change. We shall employ only a few generally accepted principles of learning in this discussion.
Specifically, we accept the principle that a child will learn a response more effectively and more thoroughly if he is motivated to learn it. Moreover, he will learn a response better if he is rewarded for learning it. According to this view, the more a response is rewarded, the stronger it becomes and the more likely it is to be repeated. ’Although most learning involves motivation and reward, I believe some learning does occur without them. As for the interrelationships between maturation and learning process, a general principle may be provided: maturation is essential to learning.
选项
A、psychological biology
B、developmental psychology
C、biological psychology
D、evolutional physiology
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。题干问本文讨论的内容属于什么领域。讲话者从发展心理学的角度阐释了成熟过程和学习过程两个过程的含义,并着重讨论了两过程相互作用关系对儿童发展和变化的重要影响。由此可推断B项内容与原文主要讨论的内容相符,因此该项是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3315352.html
相关试题推荐
Oneperson______10nowgoestoauniversityinthiscountry.A、ofB、overC、inD
Psychologistsstillwonderifsomepersonalitytraitsareinborn.A、interminable
Theartistcapturedthegirl’spersonalityinhisphotograph.A、distortedB、caugh
Psychologistsstillwonderifsomepersonalitytraitsareinborn.A、interminable
Iknowitwasadifficulttask,butIdidn’texpectthataconfidentpersonlike
Oneperson______10nowgoestoauniversityinthiscountry.A、ofB、overC、inD、f
Themagicianpickedoutseveralpersons______fromtheaudienceandaskedthemto
Lifeinsurance,beforeavailableonlytoyoung,healthypersons,cannowheobta
Lifeinsurance,beforeavailableonlytoyoung,healthypersons,cannowbeobta
Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly______.A
随机试题
Westoodstill,gazingoutoverthelimitless______ofthedesert.A、spaceB、expans
OralPresentationTherearetwomainstagesinvolved
两台相同的机器,每台单独工作时在某位置上的声压级均为93dB,则两台一起工作时该
下列图片所反映的事件,按时间先后顺序排列正确的是: ①② ③④A.④②①③
评价社会主义条件下生产资料所有制形式的标准是( ) A.是否符合不断提高公有
村民王某和施某两家相邻。2012年3月,施某在两家之间都不亨有宅基地使用权的空地
下列属于现实沟通的情况包括()。多选A.亲人通过电话交流 B.面对面谈判
经保险合同当事人双方协商,下列属于企业财产保险特约可保的财产是( )。A.土地
初产妇,28岁。妊娠39周,临产后宫缩强,产程进展较快,6小时后宫口开大9cm,
苍白乏力是贫血的主要表现,下面关于发病机制的阐述说法错误的是A、地中海性贫血主要
最新回复
(
0
)