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  3. Specific brain disorders can affect the perception of music in a very specif

Specific brain disorders can affect the perception of music in a very specif

游客2023-12-27  61
问题     Specific brain disorders can affect the perception of music in a very specific way. Experiments done on epileptics decades ago showed that stimulating certain areas of the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain awakened "musical memories"—vivid re-creations of melodies that the patients had heard years earlier. Lesions in the temporal lobe can result in so-called musicogenic epilepsy, an extremely rare form of the disorder in which seizures are triggered by the sound of music. Autism offers an even greater puzzle. People with this condition are mentally deficient, yet most are proficient musicians; some are "musical savants" possessed of extraordinary talent.
    The opposite is true of the less than 1 percent of the population who suffer from amusia, or tree tone deafness. They literally cannot recognize a melody, let alone tell two of them apart, and they are incapable of repeating a song (although they think they are doing correctly). Even simple, familiar tunes such as Frere Jacques and Happy Birthday are mystifying to musics, but when the lyrics are spoken rather than sung, musics are able to recognize the song immediately.
    But for instrumentalists, at least, music can evidently trigger physical changes in the brain’s wiring. By measuring faint magnetic field emitted by the brains of professional musicians, a team led by Christo Pantev of the University of Muenster’s Institute of Experimental Audiology in Germany has shown that intensive practice of an instrument leads to discernible enlargement of parts of the cerebral cortex, the layer of gray matter most closely associated with higher brain function.
    As for music’s emotional impact, there is some indication that music can affect levels of various hormones, including cortisol (involved in arousal and stress), testosterone (aggression and arousal) and oxytocin (nurturing behavior) as well as trigger release of the natural opiates known as endorphins. Using PET canners, Zatorre has shown that the parts of the brain involved in processing emotion seem to light up with activity when a subject hears music.
    As tantalizing as these nits of research are, they barely begin to address the mysteries of music and the brain, including the deepest question of all: Why do we appreciate music? Did our musical ancestors have an evolutionary edge over their tin-eared fellow? Or is music, as M. I. T. neuroscientist Steven Pinker asserts, just "auditory cheesecake," with no biological value? Given music’s central role in most of our lives, it’s time that scientists found the answers. [br] According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
选项 A、Some people with mental illness can become musical masters.
B、Some parts of the brain are closely related to music.
C、Some people are born with disability of music.
D、Some parts of the brain are closely related to disease.
答案 D
解析 是非题型见第一段：一些特别的大脑功能失调能以非常特殊的方式影响到人们对于音乐的认知。几十年前进行的癫痫试验显示刺激大脑两边颞叶——逼真地再现病人许多年前听过的乐曲——能唤醒他们的“音乐记忆”。而颞叶的损伤可能导致所谓的音乐性癫痫，这是一种罕见的失调形式，它的发作是由于听到音乐声而触发的。而孤独症为此带来了更大的困惑，有着这种状况的人，指有孤独症的人，精神上会有缺陷，然而他们中的大多数精通音乐；有些人还是拥有特殊才能的“音乐家”。选项A，B的内容在其中都有提及；选项C在第二段中有提及(参见第87题注释)；因此D为答案。
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