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  3. Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem

Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem

游客2023-12-27  5
问题     Solving a problem can be broken down into several steps. First, the problem must be identified correctly. Psychologists refer【C1】______ this step as problem representation. For many problems, figuring【C2】______ which information is relevant and【C3】______ is extraneous can be difficult and can interfere【C4】______ arriving at a good solution. Clearly, before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious【C5】______ the problem is, however, this is not as easy【C6】______ it might seem. One obstacle to efficient problem representation is functional fixedness, that is, allowing preconceived notions and even prejudices【C7】______ color the facts. Most people tend【C8】______ see objects and events in certain fixed ways, and by being inflexible in viewing the problem, they may be unable to notice the tools【C9】______ the solution. Once the problem is identified accurately,【C10】______, the second step consists【C11】______ considering the alternatives for a solution. A common way to evaluate alternatives is to write them【C12】______ and then make a list【C13】______ advantages and disadvantages for each solution. Here again, people may be limited by prior experiences. Often people adopt mental sets【C14】______ lead them to the same problem-solving strategies that were successful for problems【C15】______ the past. Although that can be helpful most【C16】______ the time, sometimes a new situation requires a different strategy.【C17】______ that case, the mental set must be abandoned,【C18】______ new alternatives must be explored.
    After the alternatives have been compared, a strategy must be selected【C19】______ among them. One way to avoid becoming mired in the options is【C20】______ try the best option with a view to abandoning it for another if the results are unfavorable. This attitude allows many people to move on expeditiously to the next step — action. [br] 【C1】
选项 A、on
B、to
C、at
D、through
答案 B
解析 习惯搭配refer to A as B：将A称为B，例：California is referred to as the“Golden State”，加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。本句意为：心理学家将这一步称为问题的描绘。
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