首页
登录
职称英语
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unl
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unl
游客
2023-12-18
51
管理
问题
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/ or steam recovery systems. These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near tile surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock (HDR) reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems.
As a result of the recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems— which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust—are being developed. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDR’s artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150℃, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100℃ may be useful for space heating; however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200℃ are desirable. The geothermal gradient, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal resources. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States. (There are many areas, however, for which no temperature gradient records exist. )
Indications are that the IIDR resource base is very large. If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B. T. U’s of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about O. 2 percent is recoverable, we find a total that is comparable to the estimated resource base of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the availability of temperature-depth records forany specific area in the United States depends primarily on the______.
选项
A、possibility that HDR’s may be found in that area
B、existence of previous attempts to obtain oil or gas in that area
C、history of successful hot water or steam recovery efforts in that area
D、failure of inhabitants to conserve oil or gas reserves in that area
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3283072.html
相关试题推荐
Theoceanbottom—aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandarea
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsarewithinreach,moonwal
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsarewithinreach,moonwal
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsarewithinreach,moonwal
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsarewithinreach,moonwal
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsamwithinroach,moonwalk
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsamwithinroach,moonwalk
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsamwithinroach,moonwalk
1 Afolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-suffi
1 Researchersuncoveredaseriousflawintheunderlyingtechnologyfornearly
随机试题
UNICEFisjoiningwithanonprofitgrouptobringAIDS【D1】______programsto
[audioFiles]audio_ezfm_0367(20105)[/audioFiles]
常用火灾报警触发设备有感烟/感温探测器、手动火灾报警按钮、红外火焰探测器等。(
在高中二年级《留住身边的精彩》摄影课中,教师采用课堂游戏的方式引导学生现场表演,
某教师对初中语文课程目标的特征进行了总结,其中错误的一项是()。A.连续性
除房地产居间与房地产代理外,()也被一部分房地产业内人士视为房地产经纪活动的一
2017年我国成年国民图书阅读率为59.1%,比上年增加0.3个百分点;报纸阅读
不属于信息技术发展所经历阶段的是() A.文字的出现B.电报的发明
()是指在资金的筹集过程中,投资者缴付的出资额超出项目资本金的差额部分,如汇
判断正常心理与异常心理的心理学原则不包括( )。A.主客观世界统一原则 B.
最新回复
(
0
)