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  3. The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were loc

The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were loc

游客2023-11-26  48
问题    The concern throughout the world in 1988 for those three whales that were locked in the Arctic ice was dramatic proof that whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy.
   These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the world’s oceans since the dawn of time, while overhead, great empires and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago.
   Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3, 000 years later, the practice had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who hunted whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America.
   Whaling went into dramatic decline, beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The world’s fascination with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left. Given their tragic history.
   Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and sketches whales stranded on the beach. He says it’s a 20-year obsession that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York.
   "As I began to do the research, I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldn’t really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so peculiar, which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth."
   So large, he discovered, that the largest dinosaur weighed only half as much as the female blue whale. As he continued his research he boarded scientific vessels, dove with whales in the Pacific, and even watched whales die at the hands of modern, explosive-tipped harpoons. His sketches appeared in magazines and encyclopedias and at the center of what was then the beginning of a movement to save the whales.
   "I was one of those people who used to stand on street corners and ask for people to sign petitions, which at that time were directed towards the Japanese and the Soviets. Because in that period of time—late 60s, early 70s—the Japanese and the Soviets were killing tens of thousands of sperm particularly in the North Pacific. And we thought that getting the world’s opinion on paper would make them say, ’Oh look, all these people don’t like what we are doing. We will stop.’ Well, of course, they didn’t stop."
   Not at first, commercial whaling peaked in the mid-1960s, with more than 60, 000 whales killed each year. The International Whaling Commission, a group of member nations aimed at regulating the industry, began to make recommendations to end commercial whaling entirely. Why kill whales for soap, or fuel or paints and varnishes, even margarine, if we had substitutes for all those products? The seemingly senseless slaughter focused the world’s attention on the whale and consequently the International Whaling Commission or IWC.
   "And since it’s said nowhere in the constitution of the IWC that you had to be whaling nation to join, you have countries like Kenya and the Seychelles. Switzerland is a member of the IWC, a country not known for its whaling history. Countries joined because they felt that this was something that needed to be done."
   By 1986, the Commission had passed a moratorium on commercial whaling. But since the organization had no enforcement powers, it could and cannot impose sanctions on violators. Only a few nations—Japan, Iceland, and Norway—continue to hunt whales commercially.
   Richard Ellis says there is something magical about this animal caught in the net of life and time, and we must continue to fight to preserve it, because in the end we are really protecting a small part of ourselves and our earth. [br] Which statement is the true description about IWC?
选项 A、The purpose of the foundation of IWC is to protect whales from being killed.
B、All the members of IWC have a history of whaling.
C、IWC decided to stop commercial whaling in the mid-1960s.
D、IWC has no right to exert any punishment on Japan even if Japan continues the slaughter.
答案 D
解析 下列关于IWC(国际捕鲸委员会)的描述哪个是正确的?根据第九段“国际捕鲸委员会，一个以管理捕鲸业为宗旨的会员国组织”，可排除A；根据第十段“因为国际捕鲸委员会的章程里没有规定只有捕鲸国才能加入该组织”，可排除B；第十一段中“到1986年，该委员会通过了一项暂停商业性捕鲸的决定”，可排除C；结合第十一段的信息“因为该组织没有强迫执行的权力，它当时不能，现在也不能对犯规者进行制裁”。可见答案为D。
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