首页
登录
职称英语
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent defini
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent defini
游客
2023-11-22
64
管理
问题
By the 1980s, according to international but admittedly inconsistent definitions of literacy, about seven out of ten adults in the world were considered literate. The increase in literacy from ancient times to the present has not been a story of unbroken progress. The ability of people within a given society to read and write has been influenced by a number of factors, including economic well being, the availability of material to read, the amount of education available, and the basic matter of the usefulness of reading.
Of these factors, usefulness has probably been the most decisive. In ancient societies, as people settled into stable patterns of agriculture and trade, it became useful for some of them to read and write in order to keep records, to transact business, and to measure amounts of !and, animals, goods, materials, and produce. Since all economic aspects of a society were closely tied to the operations of government, literacy became useful and even necessary for the keeping of records by officials. The responsibilities of citizenship led to a fairly high level of literacy in ancient Greece and Rome, but in addition to that, there also grew an appreciation of good literature, poetry, drama, history, and philosophy.
During the early Middle Ages, with the general breakdown of society in Europe and the decrease of commerce, literacy became largely confined to the church. But in the late Middle Ages, in the period of the Renaissance, the great expansion of commerce and banking led to a revival in literacy for the same reason that had caused it to increase in the ancient world usefulness.
With the invention of the printing press and inexpensive paper late in the 15th century there was for the first time a great availability of reading material for a much greater number of people. Religious reformers were among the first to utilize the situation, quickly getting translations of the Bible and educational tracts and booklets into the hands of many people.
The broadened religious enlightenment that resulted was followed in later centuries by a political one. Political theorists who favored doctrines promoting the natural rights of man called for an attack upon illiteracy. Political revolutions, particularly in the United States and France, helped inaugurate an era in which all classes were called upon to become informed on public policy for their own welfare. Against this political background there emerged the movement for universal popular education. Literacy came to be understood as a means whereby the individual could benefit and advance, and gradually whole societies began to acknowledge that universal literacy among their citizens was an avenue to greater economic well being. [br] According to the passage, what is the major driving force behind the progress toward more literacy?
选项
A、The amount of education.
B、The availability of reading materials.
C、The economic development.
D、The necessity to read.
答案
D
解析
意为:“阅读的需要”。第二段第一句指出,在所有(制约文化水平的)因素中,实用性(usefulness)是关键的因素。从以下几段的分析不难看出,这里所说的实用性即指:学会阅读有什么直接用途。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3210662.html
相关试题推荐
Accordingtothedoctors,iftherewereno________,theywouldprobablycurethe
Accordingtotheconversation,MrJohnsonisNOTverystrongin______[br][or
Accordingtotheconversation,MrJohnsonisNOTverystrongin______[br][or
[originaltext]OlympicGames,internationalsportscompetition,heldevery
AccordingtotheSenatestudy,whichadjectiveCANNOTbeusedtodescribepre-wa
Accordingtothenews,thetwoLibyansare_______.[br][originaltext]Two
Accordingtothenews,thetwoLibyansare_______.[br][originaltext]Two
Accordingtothenews,theChinesespokesman______.[originaltext]AChinese
Accordingtoapoliceofficer,theprotestwastriggered______[br][originalte
Accordingtoapoliceofficer,theprotestwastriggered______[originaltext]
随机试题
DowningStreetisfightingfiercelyforsomethingithopesitshallcontrol:its
Thefirstsmallcamerawasinventedin1685,butitwasjustacamera.Itwas
Hisbookwasmuchbetterthanthose(write)______sofaronthissubject.writte
Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,espe
我国东部和中部地区的降水受季风影响很大。随着季风的进退,降水有明显的季节变化。图
以大分包形式分包的工程,分包单位的物资供方评定工作由项目经理负责。()
细管OB以角速度ω,角加速度α绕O轴转动,一小球A在管内以相对速度
直探头探测厚250mm及500mm的两个饼形锻件,若后者探测面粗糙,与前者耦合差
急性胰腺炎诊断分型意义不大的检查是A.血压下降 B.淀粉酶升高 C.胁腹部及
根据《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》GF-2017-0201的规定,下列关于物价
最新回复
(
0
)