In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s ev

游客2023-11-19 57

问题 In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science cannot really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their mature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are. "Electricity," Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul’s Cathedral: it is a way in which things behave. When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell." Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea. Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can deduce that objects fall to the ground because that’s where they belong, and smoke goes up because that’s where it belongs. The goal of Aristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modem science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation. [br] Bertrand Russell’s notion about electricity is ______.

选项 A、disapproved of by most modem scientists
B、in agreement with Aristotle’s theory of self-evident principles
C、in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward how things happen
D、in agreement with scientific investigation directed toward why things happen

答案 C

解析推理题。用排除法，文章第四、五行指出：大多数同时代的物理学家都不认同那种认为人类可以解释出事物的真谛的观点，而Bertrand Russell就是其中的一位，所以他的观点与大多数科学家的观点是一致的，故排除A。文章第八行指出：最近的科学家们又不赞成Russell的观点了，而Aristotle就是其中的一位，所以他俩的观点是不一致的，故排除B，而D项又是对Aristotle观点的概括，故也应排除。

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