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  3. Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action

Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action

游客2023-11-15  81
问题    Cultural norms so completely surround people, so permeate thought and action that we never recognize the assumptions on which their lives and their sanity rest. As one observer put it, if birds were suddenly endowed with scientific curiosity they might examine many things, but the sky itself would be overlooked as a suitable subject; if fish were to become curious about the world, it would never occur to them to begin by investigating water, e For birds and fish would take the sky and sea for granted, unaware of their profound influence because they comprise the medium for every fact. Human beings, in a similarly way, occupy a symbolic universe governed by codes that are unconsciously acquired and automatically employed. So much so that they rarely notice that the ways they interpret and talk about events are distinctively different from the ways people conduct their affairs in other cultures.
   As long as people remain blind to the sources of their meanings, they are imprisoned within them. These cultural frames of reference are no less confining simply because they cannot be seen or touched. Whether it is an individual neurosis that keeps an individual out of contact with his neighbors, or a collective neurosis that separates neighbors of different cultures, both are forms of blindness that limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others. ~
   It would seem that everywhere people would desire to break out of the boundaries of their own experiential worlds. Their ability to react sensitively to a wider spectrum of events and peoples requires an overcoming of such cultural parochialism. But, in fact, few attain this broader vision. Some, of course, have little opportunity for wider cultural experience, though this condition should change as the movement of people accelerates. Others do not try to widen their experience because they prefer the old and familiar, seek from their affairs only further confirmation of the correctness of their own values. Still others recoil from such experiences because they feel it dangerous to probe too deeply into the personal or cultural unconscious. Exposure may reveal how tenuous and arbitrary many cultural norms are; such exposure might force people to acquire new bases for interpreting events. And even for the many who do seek actively to enlarge the variety of human beings with whom they are capable of communicating there are still difficulties.
   Cultural myopia persists not merely because of inertia and ’habit, but chiefly because it is so difficult to overcome. One acquires a personality and a culture in childhood, long before he is capable of comprehending either of them. To survive, each person masters the perceptual orientations, cognitive biases, and communicative habits of his own culture. But once mastered, objective assessment of these same processes is awkward since the same mechanisms that are being evaluated must be used in making the evaluations. [br] The word "parochialism" (Line 3, Para. 3) most possibly means______。
选项 A、open-mindedness
B、provincialism
C、superiority
D、discrimination
答案 B
解析 语义理解题。作者在“cultural parochialism"之前用such修饰，可知说的应该是上文的文化现象：特点是狭隘“limit what can be experienced and what can be learned from others"，第三段第一句话也说冲破自己经验世界的疆域“to a wider spectrum"，第三句“But，few attain this broader vision"以及后面分析这些人狭隘的原因，都可以推断出这里parochialism表示文化上的狭隘主义。选项EA]正好相反；而这里不涉及文化优越性和歧视，所以排除选项C 和D 。
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