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  3. Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC ag

Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC ag

游客2023-09-12  57
问题     Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost ＄ 26 a barrel, up from less than ＄10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979- 80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
    The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
    Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to beless severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s.
    Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in-the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, its oil prices averaged ＄ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with ＄13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25- 0.5% of GDP. That is less than one quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies —to which heavy industry has shifted --have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
    One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. [br] It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______.
选项 A、price of crude oil rises
B、commodity prices rise
C、consumption rises
D、oil taxes rise
答案 A
解析 在文章的开头，作者说“Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March，the price of crude oil has jumped to almost ＄26 a barrel，up from less than ＄ 10 last December．”，表明由于原油价格的暴涨，造成了零售价格的上升，所以可以判断A是正确答案，同时在文章的最后一段，作者说，“One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that，unlike the rises in the 1970s，it has not occurred against the back- ground of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand．”通过这句话，我们就知道现在的石油价格暴涨与日用品涨价造成的通货膨胀和需求过大没什么关系，由此我们断定B，C是错的，同时D没有提到，所以只有A是正确答案。
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