首页
登录
职称英语
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number i
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number i
游客
2023-09-10
72
管理
问题
There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too--from 8 km a day per person in Western Europe in 1965 to 26 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.
While emissions from new ears are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets and motorways are becoming more crowed than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis, which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe.
In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United Sates. more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behavior.
A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favor of mass transition
Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emission and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.
One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighborhoods so that car journeys are not necessary all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision--and the capital--to make such profound changes in modern lifestyles. A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities, with small low emission cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. [br] From the third paragraph we can see that motor vehicles have a great ______ on city development.
选项
答案
impact/effect
解析
第三段第一、二句讲到欧洲为适应汽车交通必须增添环城公路、单行系统和停车场。而美国在汽车运输方面耗费的土地比住宅还多(In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport.Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads,one-way systems and parking lots.In the United Sates,more land is assigned to car use than to housing.)。由此可见汽车交通的出现对城市的发展有很大的影响。因此,答案需要填可以和have...on搭配的词,表示“有影响”的词。故正确答案为“impact/effect”。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3000893.html
相关试题推荐
GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGerman
GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGerman
GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGerman
GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGerman
GrowingnumbersofGermansarebecomingaddictedtotext-messaging,aGerman
[originaltext]Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesin
[originaltext]Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesin
Manufacturingcompaniesspendmillionsofpoundstryingtoconvincecustomersth
ButnowagrowingnumberofhealthyfirmslikeBigBluearefreezingtheirtradi
[originaltext]Therearesuperstitionsattachedtonumbers.Thosenumbersbe
随机试题
Thoughitismere1to3percentofthepopulation,theupperclasspossesse
CompletethenotesbelowWriteONEWORDONLYforeachanswer.TheGherkinBuildi
A.缺氧早期 B.肾后性肾衰竭 C.二氧化碳蓄积的早期 D.二氧化碳蓄积的
儿童智力低下的主要原因A、子宫破裂 B、羊水栓塞 C、胎儿窘迫 D、
在生产与存货循环中,可能存在已销售产品的成本可能没有准确结转至营业成本的风险,下
表l:1901年至1986年获诺贝尔奖5人以上的18个国家
阳偏衰的病机是指()。A.阴邪郁闭阳气于内B.阳气抗邪于外C.阳气的推动作用减
瓜蒌根在仙方活命饮中的主要治疗作用是( ) A.生津止渴 B.清热润燥
A.囊肿位于根尖周围 B.囊肿可含有牙齿 C.囊肿位于鼻腭管内 D.囊肿位
U型组织是以职能化管理为核心的一种最基本的企业组织结构,其典型特征是( )。A
最新回复
(
0
)