首页
登录
职称英语
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use
游客
2023-09-02
55
管理
问题
A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity (父亲的身份) where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.
DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.
The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method Cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.
In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation (鉴定合格) for DNA testing laboratories.
选项
A、would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations
B、could easily escape conviction of guilt
C、would have to submit evidence for their innocence
D、could be convicted of guilt as well
答案
B
解析
第二段首句提到,DNA指纹鉴定使罪犯调查发生了革命性的变化,它为调查员提供了新的强有力的工具来证明犯罪,而不仅仅是确定无罪。由此可推出,在没有DNA指纹鉴定之前,嫌疑犯很容易逃脱指控,故答案为[B]。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2978551.html
相关试题推荐
Theywere_______intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjusto
Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto________further
WorkingasCommunityWorkers1.目前许多大学生毕业后选择去社区工作2.去社区工作的好处3.我的看法
[originaltext]Since1939,numerousscientificstudieshavebeenconductedt
[originaltext]Since1939,numerousscientificstudieshavebeenconductedt
Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthela
Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthela
Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthela
Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthela
Ahundredyearsagoitwasscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthela
随机试题
Familyties,friendshipsandinvolvementinsocialactivitiescanofferaps
Brooklyn,NewYork,hadapopulationofabout23,000whenitbecomesacityin1
B由sales和exciting定位到第B段。上一段首先提到布莱尔的《旅程》是一本720页的精装版图书;B段又引用连锁书店经理的原话:该书销量非常(brilli
关于蒸汽压缩式制冷设备的表述,下列哪几项是正确的?A.被处理空气经过蒸发器降温除
在创建风管系统过程中,软件以何种依据自动生成管件?()A.布管系统配置 B.管
对某特大桥(五跨连续梁桥)进行控制检测,由于该桥在竣工时未按规定设置永久观测点,
对肠套叠下列哪一种情况不应采取非手术疗法A.病程不超过48小时,全身情况好 B
能力、知识和技能之间的关系表现在()。A.能力是在掌握知识和技能过程中形成
下列不属于义务教育阶段学生所专有的权利的是( )A.免试入学权 B.就近
按照WHO的2010年口腔健康目标,某社区100名65~74岁的老年人中有多少人
最新回复
(
0
)