首页
登录
职称英语
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a
游客
2023-08-30
58
管理
问题
When social scientists use the term culture they tend to be talking about a less restrictive concept than that implied in everyday speech. In social science, culture is all that in human society which is socially rather than biologically transmitted, whereas the commonsense usage tends to【C1】______ only to the arts. Culture is thus a general term for the symbolic and learned aspects of human society, although some animal behaviourists now【C2】______ that certain primates (灵长类动物) have at least the capacity for culture.
Social anthropological ideas of culture are based to a great【C3】______ on the definition given by Edward Tylor in 1871, in which he referred to a learned complex of knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, and custom. This definition implies that culture and civilization are one and the same. But this equation, although possible in English and French usage, runs【C4】______ to the German distinction between Kultur and Zivilisation, the former referring to symbols and values, while the latter deals with the organization of society. Archaeological usage, though【C5】______ the wholeness of human societies, makes a distinction between material culture and practices and beliefs, the non-material or adaptive culture transmitted by teaching and tradition. Only material culture is【C6】______ to archaeology, whereas adaptive culture is the subject of history, sociology, and anthropology.
For nineteenth century anthropologists, such as Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan, culture was a conscious creation of human rationality. Civilization and culture, in this conception, showed a progressive tendency towards what were regarded as higher moral values, and this enabled the Victorian mind to construct a【C7】______ of cultures or civilizations which provided a rationale for colonial activities by apparently higher-order Western civilizations.
In America, it is sometimes argued that the concept of culture can provide ways of explaining and understanding human behaviour, belief systems, values, and【C8】______ , as well as particular culturally specific personality types.
In cultural anthropology, analysis of culture may proceed at three levels: learned patterns of behaviour; aspects of culture that act below conscious levels (such as the deep level of grammar and【C9】______ in language, of which a native language speaker is seldom aware); and patterns of thought and 【C10】______ , which are also culturally determined.
A. ideologies I. extent
B. perception J. counter
C. hierarchy K. dissipate
D. junk L. acknowledging
E. grandeur M. teeming
F. point N. accessible
G. syntax O. assert
H. forfeit [br] 【C6】
选项
答案
N
解析
accessible形容词,意为“可进入的”。本句的意思是只有物质文化属于考古学研究范畴,非物质文化是历史学、社会学及人类学的研究课题。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2971055.html
相关试题推荐
Atonetime,scientiststhoughtthespacebetweenEarthandSunwasavacuu
Atonetime,scientiststhoughtthespacebetweenEarthandSunwasavacuu
Atonetime,scientiststhoughtthespacebetweenEarthandSunwasavacuu
Atonetime,scientiststhoughtthespacebetweenEarthandSunwasavacuu
Atonetime,scientiststhoughtthespacebetweenEarthandSunwasavacuu
Arabsconsiderit(36)______badmannertostarttalking(37)______immediat
Arabsconsiderit(36)______badmannertostarttalking(37)______immediat
Arabsconsiderit(36)______badmannertostarttalking(37)______immediat
Arabsconsiderit(36)______badmannertostarttalking(37)______immediat
Arabsconsiderit(36)______badmannertostarttalking(37)______immediat
随机试题
Indiansalwaysshake(摇)theirheadswhentheytalktoothers.【C1】______do
Nuclearfuelwillbeusedinthereactorafterits______intotheformofrods.
HowtoBuildaStrongTeamSpirit1.Threeprinciplestobuildingateam
AccordingtoBrickland,parentsnowadayshavechangedtheir______.[br]WhenBri
[originaltext]Thetraditionaltwo-partysystemofSpanishpoliticshasbeen
公路工程试验检测仪器设备检定/校准指导手册适用于公路工程等级试验检测机构、工地试
我国室间质量控制国家标准是A.GB/T20468-2006 B.GB/T204
关于阿司匹林的作用,错误的是A、可出现耳鸣、眩晕 B、减少炎症组织前列腺素
根据公务员考核的有关规定,连续()年年度考核被评为“不称职”等级的公务员将被辞
房地产投资者的权益融资方式主要有()。A、公司上市 B、房地产抵押贷款
最新回复
(
0
)