首页
登录
职称英语
The Truth about the EnvironmentA)For many environmentalists
The Truth about the EnvironmentA)For many environmentalists
游客
2023-08-23
62
管理
问题
The Truth about the Environment
A)For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet’ s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.
B)But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book ’ The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world’ s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving.
C)Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient-associated with the early phase of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution—the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming-does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.
D)Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.
E)One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.
F)Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for nature issued a press release entitled: "Two third of the world’ s forest lost forever". The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.
G)Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.
H)A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America’s encounter with EI Nino in 1997 and 1998.This climatic phenomenon was accused of working tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths.
I)However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures(which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).
J)The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if the America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.
K)So what of globe warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2 °C ~3 °C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.
L)Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperature increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.
M)So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world’s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100. So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys and world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world’ s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.
N)It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic—but more costly still to be too pessimistic. [br] Scientific funding is devoted to those fields involving many problems.
选项
答案
E
解析
根据关键词“scientific funding”定位于E段第二句,“Scientific fundinggoes mainly to areas with many problems.”意为,科学基金主要投入到存在许多问题的领域。与题干大意相符,故选E。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2950817.html
相关试题推荐
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
TheTruthabouttheEnvironmentA)Formanyenvironmentalists
随机试题
PASSAGEONEWhycan’tInternetbecomeretailers’bestfriend?Becausestoreshave
Psycholinguisticsisthestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinl
Whatwouldyoudoifyourwalletbecamehardertoopenasyourspendingappr
Weoftenseebearsinthezoo.Theyaresocuteandbig.Bearsarefoundin
A.尿中有凝溶蛋白 B.尿中有β微球蛋白 C.Tamm-Horsfall蛋白
相对于其他股利政策而言,既可以维持股利的稳定性,又有利于优化资本结构的股利政策是
测绘单位为实施测绘项目质量管理进行质量管理岗位配置时,质量检查员职位分()级设置
又可称为D-860的药物是A.胰岛素B.阿卡波糖C.格列奇特D.甲苯磺丁脲E.地
企业组织结构内部的不协调主要表现在( )。A.存在过多的委员会 B.生产
程序化交易策略的绩效评估指标是()。A:年收益金额 B:最大亏损金额
最新回复
(
0
)