首页
登录
职称英语
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy re
游客
2023-08-22
57
管理
问题
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are powered by cheese—or at least whey, a by-product in cheese making. Whey is rich in lactose, a sugar which Georgia Antonopoulou, a biochemical engineer at the University of Patras, Greece, says can be consumed by cultures of bacteria contained within a fuel cell to generate an electric current. Microbial fuel cells, as such devices are known, are not a new idea but they are attracting more attention.
The organic contents of whey pose an environmental hazard and many governments now impose strict regulations requiring factories to pay for its treatment before disposal. Whey constitutes about 70% of the volume of the milk were used to make cheese. So, just one small feta facility will need to dispose of as such as 4,000 tonnes of whey in a single year, says Dr Antonopoulou. Microbial fuel cells could help, and not just in the cheese-making industry. Breweries, pig farms, food-processing plants and even sewage works could gain from the technology.
Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidize a fuel, such as hydrogen, and make an electric current flow between two electrodes. Microbial fuel cells function in much the same way except that the catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel-cell chamber. Under anaerobic conditions(where oxygen is absent), metabolising the fuel by feeding off it and in doing so produce natural chemical reactions that produce a current.
In theory microbial fuel cells can run on almost any kind of organic matters, says Chris Melhuish, head of the Bristol Robotics Laboratory, England. "All you have to do is match the microbial culture with the type of stuff you want to use as fuel," he says. Dr Melhuish has been trying to power robots on domestic waste-water, but it is tricky. Ideally you would want to use cheap raw-waste products, he says. But traditionally the fuel cells work best with a refined fuel in the form of solutions containing synthetic sugars, such as glucose.
However, Dr Antonopoulou has now shown that, using a culture of bacteria obtained from her local waste-water plant, it is possible to get almost as much power from raw whey as from refined fuel, provided the whey is diluted. The trouble is the power output still only amounts to milliwatts, barely enough to trickle-charge a cellphone. And working with raw waste water also presents challenges.
Initially Dr Antonopoulou and her colleagues found that the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how many electrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low, at around just 2%. This turned out to be because a second set of microbes, within the whey itself, was absorbing them. So, by sterilizing the whey first to kill these other bugs they have now boosted the coulombic efficiency to around 25%. [br] Why is the coulombic efficiency of microbial fuel cells particularly low?
选项
A、Because it is difficult to work with raw waste water.
B、Because the fuel is hard to obtain.
C、Because the scientists haven’t got the technology to sterilize the bacteria in whey.
D、Because another kind of microbes is absorbing the electrons at the same time.
答案
D
解析
细节题。根据题目中the coulombic efficiency ofmicrobial fuel cells可定位至文章最后一段,根据…the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how manyelectrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low,at around just 2%.This turned out to be because a second set of microbes.within the whey itself,wasabsorbing them.(……这种电池的库伦效率相当低,只有约2%。之后他们发现这是因为乳清自身的另一类微生物正在吸引它们。)可知D项正确。因此选择D。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2948846.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]H.G.Wellswasbornin1866.Hisenergymusthavebeenenormou
[originaltext]H.G.Wellswasbornin1866.Hisenergymusthavebeenenormou
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
DoBritain’sEnergyFirmsServethePublicInterest?[A]Capitalism
[originaltext]Thosewhousesolarenergyhelpussaveourpreciousfuel.As
Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,
Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,
随机试题
Whichroomdidthemantakefinally?[img]2010q3/ebecflm_ebfllistv_1025_108[/img
CONTROVERSYABOUTCAUSINGEMOTION(1
Mostofusthinkweknowthekindofkidwhobecomesakiller,andmostof
Itisnogood______him.Heisalwaysindifferenttowardsothers’matters.A、to
某混凝土试块强度值不满足规范要求,但经法定检测单位对混凝土实体强度经过法定检测后
冲洗绝缘子时,以下做法正确的是()。应注意风向$;$应先冲上风侧,后冲下风侧$;
女性,18岁,体检发现心脏杂音来诊。平时不能耐受较大的体力活动,无双下肢水肿及夜
甲县人大代表周某在乙县交通肇事后逃逸乙县公安局侦查后欲对周某刑事拘留。乙县公安
甲公司2020年初流通在外普通股8000万股,优先股500万股;2020年6月3
工程背景资料如下: 1.图6.II为某泵房工艺及伴热管道系统部分安装图。
最新回复
(
0
)