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  3. Nine of the ten campuses of the University of California—led by Berkeley—onc

Nine of the ten campuses of the University of California—led by Berkeley—onc

游客2023-08-17  12
问题     Nine of the ten campuses of the University of California—led by Berkeley—once again made it into an annual ranking of the world’s leading universities. All’s well in Californian higher education, it might seem.
    But that is not what Pat Brown or Clark Kerr would say, were they alive today. They were, respectively, governor of the state and president of the University of California in 1960, when California adopted a " master plan" that became an international model. Their aim was not only to have excellent public universities, but to give the state’s population nearly universal and free access to them. Some pupils would enter so-called community colleges for a two-year vocational programme, others one of the(now 23)campuses of the California State University, and the best might go to a UC campus.
    In order to assure access for all, tuition charges were banned—only " fees" for some costs other than education were allowed. Most funding was to come from taxpayers. The premise was that higher education was a public good for the state, which was nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers. As Mr. Kerr put it, the universities were "bait(诱饵)to be hung in front of industry, with drawing power greater than low taxes or cheap labour".
    That consensus has been overturned. In 1990, the state paid 78% of the cost of educating each student. That ratio dropped to 47% last year, and will fall even more during the current academic year, after the latest round of budget cuts, overseen by Jerry Brown, the current governor and son of Pat Brown. In some ways, California has now inverted the priorities of the older Brown’s era. Spending on prisons passed spending on universities in around 2004.
    This has led to concerns that the public universities might lose their excellence. It takes money to attract the best professors, and the best students follow them. An alternative to worse public universities, however, is quasi-privatized(半私有化)ones. That seems to be the route taken in California.
    Thus students will this year, for the first time, pay more for tuition than the state gives in funding. This follows years of tuition fee increases far steeper than the average at American public universities. A place at a UC campus can easily now cost $ 13,000, or $31,000 including housing given California’s high costs.
    To raise other revenues, the various campuses also admit ever more out-of-state students(who pay three times more)and target rich graduates for more donations. Led by the business and law schools, they behave increasingly like private universities, in other words. This strategy retains pockets of excellence. But it also runs counter to the philosophy of the master plan, by pricing ever more Californian families out of a place. The state now ranks 41st in the number of college degrees awarded for every 100 of its high school graduates. [br] What can we infer from the passage about higher education in California?
选项 A、Children from Californian families can’t obtain the education due to the high costs.
B、It has moved towards private universities along with its development.
C、It is only nursing its own future entrepreneurs and taxpayers.
D、It produces fewer company founders, inventors and taxpayers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。本题考查的是对全文内容的理解。本文介绍了加州的高等教育问题，分别阐述了现今的多所大学与以前相比做出了哪些政策上的调整：向本州的学生收取越来越多的学费；招收更多本州以外的学生；把目标瞄向富有的校友等。并在原文最后一段对加州的高等教育做出总结——这些大学的表现越来越向私立大学靠拢。由此可知，B)“随着发展，加州的高等教育越来越向私立大学靠拢”符合原文，故为本题答案。A)“昂贵的开支使得加州的孩子无法获得教育”太过绝对，故排除；C)“它只培养自己未来的企业家和纳税人”是以前那个时代的特点，现今已经有所不同，故排除；D)“它培养的企业创始人、发明家和纳税人越来越少”，原文未提及，故排除。
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