首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-16
53
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _____.
选项
A、can be weakened by conditioning
B、can be suppressed by drug injections
C、can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D、can be altered by electric shocks
答案
A
解析
Ader采用一定的方法使老鼠形成条件反射,这种反射削弱了老鼠的免疫功能。根据以上分析,A与文中所表达的意思一致;B与原文意思相悖;服用糖精影响免疫系统,是针对Ader实验中的老鼠而言,并不是针对所有动物,C错;D与文中内容不符。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2932219.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]Isometimesthinkthatsomuchofourlifetakesplaceinside
[originaltext]Isometimesthinkthatsomuchofourlifetakesplaceinside
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensi
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesuswonderjusthowsmarthumans
随机试题
Neitherofus______toundertaketheresponsibility.A、werewantingB、wantsC、wa
Hardasheworked,hefailedtosupportthewholefamily.A、他努力工作,却未能支持一家人。B、尽管他努
TherearemorethanfortyuniversitiesinBritain--nearlytwiceasmanyasi
[originaltext]Ifwewanttomeasurevoicefeaturesveryaccurately,wecan
《答司马谏议书》一文的写作背景是()A.熙宁变法 B.庆历新政 C.诗文革
国家铁路发送旅客人数包括()。A.全国铁路发送旅客人数之和 B.非控股合资铁
新建商品房销售业务流程主要包括()。A.接待顾客 B.购买洽谈 C.
A.下颌骨下缘下2cm绕下颌角做弧形切口 B.口内翼下颌皱襞内侧做纵形切口
由于工程建设的需要,施工企业甲需经过乙公司内部的道路运送建筑材料,甲乙之间订立合
账务处理程序的主要内容包括()。A、会计凭证、会计账簿的种类及格式 B、会计机
最新回复
(
0
)