首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-13
77
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that_____.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
根据文章末段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成胃疼。因此老鼠将糖精与胃疼联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精,D与文中所表达的意思一致。A、B在文中并没有提及;文中提到是药物导致胃疼,而并非糖精,故C错。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2922560.html
相关试题推荐
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoubethisyear?Willyoube
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Anewstudyfindsthatevenmildstresscanaffectyourabilitytocontroly
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedi
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulatedi
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic"Stress
随机试题
Tohisdelight,hisnephewwassoapt______suchalongfairytale.A、atunderst
KofiAnnansayshelpingsurvivorsoflastweek’searthquakeand【L1】______.i
Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirwor
现代认知心理学根据不同知识的心理表征方式,将知识分为哪两大类()A.陈述性知识
蓝牙(Bluetooth)技术是一种数字通信的技术标准,它可应用于()。A.以
抗惊厥药扑米酮的一种活性代谢产物是A.苯巴比妥 B.甲基多巴 C.乙琥胺
患者,女,47岁。发现右侧乳房内无痛性肿块2个月。体格检查:右侧乳房外上象限可扪
实际上企业集团经营管理的真正权力中心是( )。A.股东大会 B.监事会 C
从目前情况看,银行最常见的个人贷款营销渠道不包括( )。A.上门拜访营销 B
施工现场应急预案不包括()。A.综合应急预案 B.专项应急预案 C.现
最新回复
(
0
)