首页
登录
职称英语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress see
游客
2023-08-11
69
管理
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them. [br] The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that_____.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
根据文章末段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成胃疼。因此老鼠将糖精与胃疼联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精,D与文中所表达的意思一致。A、B在文中并没有提及;文中提到是药物导致胃疼,而并非糖精,故C错。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2917638.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthatnewspap
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic"Stress
[originaltext][9]VisitorstoBritainaresometimessurprisedtolearnthat
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
Toomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(无情的)manipulated
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
5WeekstoaStress-FreeLife[A]Whowillyoub
随机试题
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvir
在得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道,一旦隔离,拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里,顿感被打人冷宫,十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚,园中百花怒放,父母
[originaltext]Expertspredictninebillionpeoplewillliveonourplanetb
下列关于借款需求期限的说法中,正确的是( )。[2015年10月真题]A.与固
患者男性,21岁。咳嗽伴午后低热一月余。体检:体温37.9℃,呼吸音较粗,叩诊左
A.替卡西林 B.舒巴坦 C.哌拉西林 D.苯唑西林 E.青霉素V主要用
C这是一道图形叠加题。观察第一套图发现,三个图形的箭头方向一致,且总数为15。依此规律,第二套第三个图形的箭头方向应和前两个一致,并与前两个图形的箭头总和为15
情绪稳定,性格开朗,兴趣广泛体现了教师的()。A.知识素养 B.人格特征.
(2015年真题)治疗虚劳气虚证,宜选用的方剂是A.桂附地黄丸 B.四物汤
苏州一新成立的服装生产企业向美国出口一批男式衬衣(检验检疫类别为m/n),纸箱包
最新回复
(
0
)