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  3. The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air

The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air

游客2023-08-08  25
问题    The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world’s urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died【C1】______from outdoor air pollution in 2015.
   Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will【C2】______the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?
   Traffic has become【C3】______with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply【C4】______to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is【C5】______, while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne【C6】______as they wear out.
   Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are【C7】______for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its【C8】______and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this【C9】______, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of London’s orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can【C10】______double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.
   A) alternate F) merged K) prematurely
   B) crown G) miniatures L) simply
   C) determine H) opting M) switching
   D) generated I) particles N) synonymous
   E) locating J) peak O) trend [br] 【C3】
选项
答案 N
解析 [语法判断]空格前为系动词become，空格后是介词with，因此空格处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式，与with短语搭配作表语。[语义判断]在空格所在句中，and连接的第二个分句提到，许多国家打算在未来20年内禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，而第一个分句提到“交通”和“空气污染”。由此可知，人们认为汽油和柴油汽车会造成污染，所以才打算禁止销售这类汽车。也就是说，“交通(汽油和柴油汽车)"与“空气污染"之间密切相关，因此空格处所填词应与后面的with air poilution搭配表达“与空气污染密切相关”的意思。备选词中符合以上要求的只有synonymous。be synonymous with…意为“与……相同的，与……近似的”，由此确定答案为N)。空格处需要填入形容词或动词分词形式，且能与介词with搭配，因此可以排除alternate和peak。generated和merged虽然可以和with搭配，但与句意不符，故排除。
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