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  3. The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reaction

The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reaction

游客2023-08-05  66
问题     The global humanitarian system is under "unprecedented strain"—with reactions to crises such as the threat of famine coming too late, according to David Miliband, head of the humanitarian relief group the International Rescue Committee.
    Citing fresh figures showing that the 2017 humanitarian appeal for the crisis facing Somalia had achieved just 0. 4% of the $863. 5m requested last month, the former UK foreign secretary said that rather than intervening early, the world was in grave danger of repeating the mistakes of the past when famine hits. Miliband was speaking as other figures from the humanitarian community warned that famine is looming in four different countries, threatening unprecedented levels of hunger.
    Asked about the slow response of donors—not just to Somalia but to the appeals for Yemen, Nigeria and South Sudan—he said: " Overseas aid has not kept pace with the growing challenge of fragile states and displacement. The UK actually has a very proud record, but too many other governments have not been able to increase their funding and they fund on a very fragmented and reactive basis. One of the challenges of the international humanitarian system is to move on to a much more strategic, coordinated basis that would be a more proactive and pre-emptive basis of funding. "
    As conflicts prevented aid getting to those in need in at least three of the four looming famine areas, and particularly in South Sudan where aid workers complain of being denied access, Miliband said there was a need for what he described as "muscular diplomacy" (强力外交). "Peacemaking and diplomacy are at an absolute premium. Obviously the military context is very important, the security framework is very important, but what I see in somewhere like South Sudan is a desperate need for an effective political and diplomatic process," he added.
    On reports that the Trump administration is preparing to order sweeping cuts in funding to the UN and other global bodies, he said: " Obviously we have all read the draft executive order that went around, but it has not yet been issued and I hope that means there is serious inter-agency thought—involving the defence department and state department too—about the importance of the US contribution to the UN. "
    Miliband, who backed the review being undertaken by the new UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, added. " Far from walking away from support for the UN, now is the time to build up support for multilateral institutions. Some parts of the UN work life-savingly well and I think it’s important to acknowledge that. In other ways the humanitarian aid system needs more than just more aid. It needs to be about better aid. " [br] The main purpose of taking political and diplomatic measures may be________.
选项 A、to improve the security in the conflict areas
B、to explore some better ways of peacemaking
C、to guarantee personal safety of aid workers
D、to smooth the channel of humanitarian aid
答案 D
解析 由题干中的political and diplomatic定位至第四段推理判断题。定位段第三句提到，米利班德在像南苏丹这样的地方看到的是对有效的政治和外交进程的强烈要求；而该段首句则指出，部分发生饥荒的国家处于战乱状态。使人道援助无法及时送到有需要的人手中，人道工作者也常被拒之门外。可见采取政治与外交手段的主要目的在于畅通人道援助的通道，故答案为D)。
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