首页
登录
职称英语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatur
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatur
游客
2023-07-29
56
管理
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures — learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological" drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement" switched on’ a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would" smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. [br] The babies would" smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic" drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2878946.html
相关试题推荐
Asurveywasconductedonthedeathrateofnewbornbabies,____________(其结果令人震
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
Althoughthedangersofalcoholarewellknownandhavebeenwidelypubliciz
随机试题
"Cool"isawordwithmanymeanings.Itstraditionalmeaningisusedto【C1】_
John’sscoreonthetestisthehighestintheclass;he______lastnight.A、must
[originaltext]AbigdifferencebetweenpublicandprivateinAmericanhighered
利润分配的剩余股利政策是一种( )。A.稳定股利政策 B.变动股利政策 C
外阴硬化性苔藓多发生在哪一年龄的女性A.幼女 B.青春期女性 C.40岁左右
下列哪一项不属于疫疠之邪的致病特点A.发病急、病情重 B.传染性强 C.流行
被解释变量。()
地理信息系统的()可用于解决一个起点多个终点的货物运输路线优化问题。A.设施
对于企业取得的无形资产,应当自可供使用当月起开始摊销,处置当月不再摊销。()
最新回复
(
0
)