2. 职称英语
  3. For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been t

For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been t

游客2023-07-12  98
问题     For more than two centuries, America’s colleges and universities have been the backbone of the country’s progress. They have educated the technical, managerial and professional workforce and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Their unparalleled capacity for research has put the United States at the cutting edge of science and of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences.
    The decentralization (权利分散), diversity, academic freedom and shared governance that have evolved over the past two centuries have made America’s system of higher education one of the most accessible and democratic in the world. Today educators from around the globe are turning to U. S. institutions of higher learning for inspiration and have found four historic acts stand out as watersheds:
    Education for the masses: In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans—including such deprived of some rights groups as women and minorities. Each state was permitted to sell large tracts of federal land and use the proceeds to endow at least one public college.
    Competition breeds success: Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War, and the academy’s impact really grew after World War II, when a landmark report commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that it was the federal government’s responsibility to provide adequate funds for basic research—and that the nation’s universities were, by nature, best suited to take the lead. This turned out to be a brilliant policy.
    Investing in the future: The end of World War II saw passage of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the GI Bill of Rights. The law, which provided for college or vocational education for returning veterans, made an already democratic higher-education system accessible in ways that were inconceivable in Europe, opening the doors of the best universities to men and women who had never dreamed of going to college.
    Promoting diversity: The creation of federal loan guarantees and subsidy programs, as well as outright grants for college students brought much-needed diversity, to higher education and further helped to democratize access. [br] In Para. 3, it is implied that ______.
选项 A、the Land-Grant College Act was passed in 1862
B、women had no rights to get higher education before 1862
C、each state should support one public college
D、federal land was allowed to be sold by state government
答案 B
解析 根据题干定位到原文第三段第一句：In 1862 Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans—including such deprived of some rights groups as women and minorities.即国会通过了《接受政府赠与地兴办学院法案》。该法案从根本上保证了所有美国人接受高等教育的机会，其中包括妇女和少数民族等以前被剥夺了受教育权的人群，由此可知妇女和少数民族以前没有受教育的权利。故B)项符合题意。
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