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  3. It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social

It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social

游客2023-07-12  53
问题     It is hard to get any agreement on the accurate meaning of the term "social class". In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale. The criteria we use to "place" a new acquaintance(熟人) , however, are a complex mixture of factors. Dress, way of speaking,  area of residence in a given city or province, education and manners all play a part.
    In Greece, after the sixth-century B. C. , there was a growing conflict between the peasants and the landed aristocrats (贵族) , and a gradual decrease in the power of the aristocracy when a kind of "middle class" of traders and skilled workers grew up. The population of Athens, for example, was divided into three main classes which were politically and legally distinct. About one-third of the total were slaves, who did not count politically at all, a fact often forgotten by those who praise Athens as the nursery of democracy.  The next main group consisted of resident foreigners, the "metics", who were freemen, though they two were allowed no share in political life. The third group was the powerful body of "citizens", who were themselves divided into sub-classes.
    In tile later Middle Ages, however, the development of monetary economy and the growth of cities and trade led to the rise of another class, the "burghers" or city merchants and mayors. These were the predecessors of the modern middle classes. Gradually high office and occupation assumed importance in determining social position, as it became more and more possible for a person born to one station in life to move to another. This change affected the towns more than the country areas, where remnants of feudalism  lasted much longer.
    With the break-up of the feudal economy, the increasing division of labour, and the growing power of the town burghers(公民) , the commercial and professional middle class became more and more important  in Europe, and the older privileged class, the landed aristocracy, began to lose some of its power. [br] The best title of the passage might be______.
选项 A、The Criteria for Classifying Social Groups
B、Social Classes
C、Changes in Social System
D、The Evolution of Human Society
答案 B
解析 为文章选题日也是考察对全文是否理解透彻的方法之一。只有完全读懂后才能找出中心，一般一篇文章的题目就是全文的中心。A项认为“划分社会层次的标准”而这篇文章的重点未放在划分标准上，只是在篇首略有提到，所以A不正确。B项认为“社会阶层”，C项认为是社会体系的变化，D项认为是“人类社会的演变”，显然D项是不正确的，B和C在文中都有叙述，但C项偏重于社会体系，文中重点描述了社会阶层的变化，因此C不太准确，而B项的确反映丁全文围绕的中心。
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