首页
登录
职称英语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise
游客
2023-07-08
57
管理
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can【C1】______performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on【C2】______and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters,【C3】______among educators. But the careful use of small【C4】______rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed【C5】______inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively【C6】______task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to【C7】______creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for【C8】______ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and【C9】______ failing grades.
In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows【C10】______in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoid E)hope
F)especially G)aid H)ordinary I)approval J)monetary
K)generally L)improve M)challenging N)restore O)excellent [br] 【C2】
选项
答案
I
解析
由空格后的and gifts可知此处应填名词。认知派研究专家认为,由于奖励助长了人们期望从别人那得到——和物质奖励的心理,而往往会破坏创造力,因此,选项中只有approval“认同”符合题意。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/zcyy/2817933.html
相关试题推荐
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
Childpsychologists—andkindergartenteachers—havelongknownthatwhenchil
BritishpsychologistshavefoundevidenceofalinkbetweenexcessiveIntern
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraise
随机试题
[originaltext]Fromtheearliesttimestheseahasbeenaplaceofsecrets-
Nooneknowshowmanlearnedtomakewords.Perhapshebeganbymakingsound
Thecollectingofpostagestampsisahobbythatinterestspeopleofallage
______(看到他造成的破坏时),thechildfeltashamed.Onseeingthedamagehehaddone分析题干语法
A.LDH1B.LDH2C.LDH3D.LDH4E.LDH5对温度变化最敏感(低
关于消化性溃疡疼痛的特点,下列哪项不正确()A.呈慢性、周期性、节律
1949-2008年江苏省城镇人口变化经历了以下五个阶段。 第一阶段:1949
2012年该省全部工业增加值为:() A.14563.8亿元 B.131
背景资料: 1.某新建单线铁路的控制性工程是大山隧道,长4680m,围岩级别是
病人认为同事之间聊天是在议论他,别人咳嗽是在唾骂他,这种表现属于() A.影响
最新回复
(
0
)