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  3. The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on

The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on

游客2023-06-25  42
问题     The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus’s【C1】______ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence(生活资料), and that this difference【C2】______ population size and the ability to adequately meet the【C3】______ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally " produces a fundamental struggle for【C4】______ , in which some flourish at the【C5】______ of others.
    Charles Darwin’s most important contribution【C6】______ the field of biology, described in his work, On the Origin of Species, was to【C7】______Malthus’s observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own【C8】______ of the process of "evolution"—the notion that different forms of life develop【C9】______ from a common ancestry(祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin【C10】______that the factors of " the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms【C11】______ which evolution is based. In this sense, then, Darwin introduced the possibility【C12】______ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are【C13】______central to human social existence.
    A number of more contemporary social thinkers were【C14】______ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to【C15】______ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century. Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a【C16】______ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural【C17】______of conflict and survival of the fittest to his notion of social evolution,【C18】______ William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist, saw the【C19】______ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental【C20】______ in the quality of human social life overall. [br] 【C12】
选项 A、which
B、where
C、that
D、how
答案 C
解析 关系词辨析。根据句意，达尔文提出了一种可能性假说，即冲突和斗争是生物学现象，而这些现象对于人类社会的存在绝对是非常重要的。可以看出“冲突和斗争是生物学现象”正是对这种“可能性”的解释说明，即这里是一个同位语从句，故that为答案。
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