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  3. Text 3 University used to be for a privi

Text 3 University used to be for a privi

题库2022-08-02  80
问题 Text 3 University used to be for a privileged few.In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage.Although that is excellent news,rew countries have worked out how to pay for it.In some of continental Europe,where the state often foots the bill,the result has usually been under investment.In America,where students themselves pay,many have little choice but to take on huge debts.English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance,with a mix of student fees and generous state loans.But,nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs,the system has dwindling support at home.Jeremy Corbyn,Labour's leader,speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers.He has called for an end to the"debt burden"on students,and has claimed that"fewer working-class young people are applying to university,"Labour's showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.Mr Corbyn's argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance.Twenty years ago English students could go to university free,with the state covering the cost.The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take.Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education,from around 30%of 18-year-olds to more than 40%-and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms.Graduates only pay back based on their income above￡21,000 a year,meaning that their debts never become unmanageable.Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years.Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations（rich oldsters attended university free,after all）,but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations-as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell,and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.The real problem with the English system is not fairness,but that fees have not driven up standards.Almost all universities charge the maximum,whatever the course-not because they are a"cartel",but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price,second-rate degree.Nevertheless,surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information.The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices.It could also encourage students to hold universities to account,with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect,and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied.If students think they are not getting value for money,support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle.And that could lead to the most regressive step of all:scrapping tuition fees.The author views Jeremy Corbyn's argument with______A.ioleranceB.oppositionC.approvalD.uncertainty
选项 A.iolerance
B.opposition
C.approval
D.uncertainty
答案 B
解析 [信息锁定]I{：1第二段可知科尔宾反对英国现行收学费的体制，认为它阻碍贫困学生上大学，第三段首句作者先评沦其观点“忽视事实情况，对学生贷款理解不足”，之后以现行体制的成效“大学扩招且贫困学生比例增加”对科尔宾观点予以反驳，故B.正确。[解题技巧]A.、C.均反向干扰，其中A.虽含有一定“反对、质疑”之意，但总体上为“接受、认可”态度，悖离义义；D.将第三段单纯视为作者对事实情况的论述，未能体味到第二、三段“树靶——打靶”的关系；另外，第四段又提及“批评者”（Critics）观点．可能会误导考生认为作者只是对各方观点做客观阐述、并未表明自身站位。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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