2. 学历类
  3. Governments are keen on higher eclucatio

Governments are keen on higher eclucatio

练习题库2022-08-02  30
问题 Governments are keen on higher eclucation,seeing it as a means to boost social mobility and economic growth.Almost all subsidise tuition-in America,to the tune of$200bn a year.But they tend to overestimate the benefits and ignore the costs of expanding university education.Often,public money just feeds the arms race for qualifications.As more young people seek degrees,the returns both to them and to governments are lower.Employers demand degrees for jobs that never required them in the past and have not become more demanding since.Spending on universities is usually justified by the"graduate premium"-the increase in earnings that graduates enjoy over non-graduates.These individual gains,the thinking goes,add up to an economic boost for society as a whole.But the graduate premium is a flawed unit of reckoning.Part of the usefulness of a degree is that it gives a graduate jobseeker an advantage at the expense of non-graduates.It is also a signal to employers of general qualities that someone already has in order to get into a university.Some professions require qualifications.But a degree is not always the best measure of the skills and knowledge needed for a job.With degrees so common,recruiters are using them as a crude way to screen applicants.Non-graduates are thus increasingly locked out of decent work.In any case,the premium counts only the winners and not the losers.Across the rich world,a third of university entrants never graduate.It is the weakest students who are drawn in as higher education expands ancl who are most likely LO drop out.They pay fees and sacrifice earnings to study,but see little boost iii thcir future incomes.When dropouts are includecl,the expected financial return to starting a degree for the weakest studcnts dwindles to almost nothing.Governments need to offer the young a wider range of options after school.They should start by rethinking their own hiring practices.Most insist on degrees for public-sector jobs that used to be done by non-graduates.Instead they should seek other ways for non-graduates to prove they have the right skills and to get more on-the-job training.School-Ieavers should be given a wider variety o:[ways to gain vocational skills and to demonstrate their employability in the private sector.lf school qualifications were made more rigorous,recruiters would be more likely to trust them as signals of ability.and less insistent on degrees."Micro-credentials"-short,work-focused courses approved by big employers in fast-growing fields,such as IT-show promise.Such measures would be more efficient at developing the skills that boost productivity and should save public money.To promote social mobility,governments should direct funds to early-school education and to helping students who would benefit from university but cannot afford it.Young people,both rich and poor,are ill-served by the academic arms race,in which each must study longer because that is what all the rest are doing.It is time to disarm.The underlined sentence（Para.3）most probably means thatA.the value of university education is not limited to income increases.B.university education could barely improve students'general qualities,C.a college degree is not always a guarantee of professional knowledge.D.spending on universities does not necessarily boost economic growth.
选项 A.the value of university education is not limited to income increases.
B.university education could barely improve students'general qualities,
C.a college degree is not always a guarantee of professional knowledge.
D.spending on universities does not necessarily boost economic growth.
答案 D
解析 第三段①②句介绍一种观点：投资大学教育能获得毕业生溢价（大学学位可带来更高收入），其合力结果是促进整个社会的经济发展。划线句指出，但毕业生溢价这一计算单位是有缺陷的。下文则指出：学位不一定是衡量工作所需技能和知识的最好方式，而学位普及会使得雇主用其粗暴筛选求职者，非毕业生难以找到体面工作。可见划线句为作者观点的集中体现，批驳前文观点，引领后文论证．D.能实现这一功能，故正确。[解题技巧]A.将第三段①句结合相关认知“大学教育的价值不仅在于获得更高收入”设置干扰，但偏离随后论述。B.将⑤句“雇主观点：学位体现一个人的综合素质”篡改为“作者观点：大学教育不能提高学生的综合素质”。C.为⑦句信息，但该句是在用“学位不一定是专业知识的保证”论证“唯学位论的缺陷”，进而明确作者观点“扩张大学教育并不能促进整个社会的经济发展”（即：⑦句／选项只是用来论证划线句，并非与其同义）。
转载请注明原文地址:http://tihaiku.com/xueli/2697787.html
本试题收录于： 英语一研究生题库研究生入学分类

英语一研究生

研究生入学

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)