There are various ways in which individu

题库2022-08-02 37

问题 There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.　　In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transaction may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, goods such as automobiles, shoes and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence, the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and-services are bought or sold for money.　　An alternative for the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts (orders) or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production, consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.　　In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition; every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage (origin),religion,and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste (social class) may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide for their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant (unchanging) society may result.In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by which of the following?（　　）A． “high price”.B． “concrete”.C． “abstract”.D． “authentic”.

选项 A． “high price”.
B． “concrete”.
C． “abstract”.
D． “authentic”.

答案 B

解析 real goods后面列举了automobiles，shoes and pizzas，所以real应表示“具体的(concrete)”。high price价钱高的；abstract抽象的；authentic真实的。

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