There is nothing in this world constant

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问题 There is nothing in this world constant but inconstancy. —SWIFT Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges into construction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.In most projects, the first system built is （　　） usable. It may be too slow, too big, awkward to use, or all three. There is no （　　） but to start again, smarting but smarter, and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and （　　） may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a system to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient （全知的） as to get it right the first time.The management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a （　　） , or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the （　　） of agony （极大痛苦）for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.Hence plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow.问题1选项A.almostB.oftenC.usuallyD.barely问题2选项A.alternativeB.needC.possibilityD.solution问题3选项A.designB.redesignC.planD.build问题4选项A.throwawayB.systemC.softwareD.product问题5选项A.worthB.valueC.costD.invaluable

选项

答案 DABAC

解析世界上没有一成不变的东西— — 斯威夫特项目组设计了一套项目算法，在按照约定交付给客户时发现了该软件存在结构性的问题。
在大多数项目中，建立的第一套系统几乎是不可用的，它可能运行太慢、数据太大、使用不方便等，或者这三者都有。除了重新开始之外我们别无选择，虽然很痛苦但是我们可以更加睿智地构建一个重新设计的版本，解决掉存在的问题。可以一次全部丢弃和重构，也可以分批进行。但是从过往的经验来看，所有的大型系统都必然经历这样的过程。
在使用时系统研究新概念或新技术，就必须建立一个系统并抛弃，因为即使最好的规划也不能保证考虑到方方面面，使第一次便获得让人满意的结果。
因此，管理并不是考虑是否需要建立一项试验系统然后又把它扔了，因为这是必须的。问题仅在于是否要计划提前打造产品，或作出承诺，为客户提供这种必然会被替换的产品。如果这样来考虑，答案是很清楚的。为客户提供这类产品需要花费时间，但对用户来说痛苦的代价是巨大的，会使建设者他们重新设计时分心，坏的声誉也会导致最好的重新设计难以落实。所以将舍弃写进你的计划；无论怎样，你都会的。

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软件水平考试初中高级

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There is nothing in this world constant

中级软件评测师

软件水平考试初中高级