首页
登录
职称英语
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy
游客
2025-04-27
25
管理
问题
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic fights: the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual fights," he says.
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.
"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks.., if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce, invest,, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes. [br] According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?
选项
A、government intervention
B、lack of secure individual rights
C、being short of capital
D、lack of a free market
答案
B
解析
根据最后一段可知Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利,也就没有动力去创造财富。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4055387.html
相关试题推荐
Doctoroften____uneasinessinthepeopletheydealwith.A、smellB、hareC、senseD
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusine
Tosomepeople,thegreatestpleasureoflifeistospendtheirtimeathomewatc
Somepeoplewanttomakeasmuchmoneyastheycanbecausetheybelievethatmon
随机试题
Dr.White,whois____tobeoneofthebestsurgeonsinLondon,performedtheopera
[originaltext]M:Ticketsforthree,please.W:Iamafraidweonlyhavetickets
[audioFiles]audio_eusm_j77_001(20082)[/audioFiles]A、She’llgetthethingsthem
某设备工程项目,承包商甲按表4.1所列数据投标报价并中标,与业主签订了固定总
根分叉病变发生率最高的牙位是()A.下第一磨牙 B.上颌第一磨牙
―般认为,道德调整的范围比法律调整的范围更为( )。A.狭小 B.广泛 C
库蚊属幼虫主要孳生于A.小型容器的积水中B.各种类型的污水中C.大型静止或缓流的
关于成本控制中的事后控制的说法,错误的是()。A:事后控制是事中控制的延续B:
(2020年真题)甲公司为增值税一般纳税人,2019年发生的与无形资产相关的经
设备验收的核对验证,主要包括()。A.设备的规格型号 B.关键原材料质量及质
最新回复
(
0
)