2. 职称英语
  3. A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a

A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a

游客2025-03-30  25
问题    A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company, public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.
   Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.
   Court decisions always went against railroad workers. Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman’s negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.
   In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury’s decision because it argued that the railroad’s negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.
   As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads — against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness (无情) toward individuals. [br] What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?
选项 A、The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.
B、The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.
C、The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.
D、The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.
答案 A
解析 根据文中第四段的“a jury found the company responsible for all the damage．But the court overturned…Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider．”可知，陪审团裁决铁路公司负责全部损失，但法院推翻了陪审团的决定，认为铁路公司的疏忽只是直接导致最邻近的建筑物受到损失，因而只对此负责任，而对离得较远的房屋损失则不在赔偿范围之内。据此可知，铁路公司只赔偿最邻近的建筑物受到的损失，A项正确。
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