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  3. In recent years, lots of big economies have followed America’s lead in tight

In recent years, lots of big economies have followed America’s lead in tight

游客2025-03-26  11
问题     In recent years, lots of big economies have followed America’s lead in tightening anti-bribery enforcement. It is right that bribery should be punished. The economic effects of illegal profits are startling. Bribery distorts competition and diverts national resources into dishonest officials’ offshore accounts. But the cost and complexity of investigations are spiraling beyond what is reasonable, fed by a hungry "compliance industry" of lawyers who have never seen a local bribery issue that did not call for an exhaustive global review, and by competing prosecutors, who increasingly run overlapping probes in different countries.
    To stop a descent into investigative madness, enforcement needs to be reformed in four ways. First, regulators should rein in the excesses of the compliance industry and take into account the cost to firms of sprawling investigations. When firms admit to having uncovered bribery among their managers, regulators expect them to investigate themselves. The authorities should tell them what level of investigation they want so that companies are not overzealous out of fear of seeming evasive. This is slowly starting to happen, with officials telling firms they should not "aimlessly boil the ocean."
    Second, governments should lower costs by harmonizing anti-bribery laws and improving co-ordination between national probes. The OECD, whose anti-bribery convention has gained wide acceptance, is the natural body to lead this effort.
    Third, more cases should go to court. Too often, prosecutors force firms to agree to settlements based on controversial legal theories. Taking such matters to court would have the advantage of establishing clear precedents. When firms are reluctant to go to trial, because they are worried about the financial costs of a criminal charge, the terms of settlements should at least undergo more judicial scrutiny.
    Lastly, anti-bribery laws should be amended to offer companies a "compliance defense." If firms can show that they had sound anti-bribery policies, that they were making reasonable efforts to uphold them, that the wrongdoing did not involve senior managers and that they came forward to the authorities promptly, the penalties should be greatly reduced.
    Corrosive as bribery is, the response must be proportionate. Investigations that drag on are a waste of management and public resources. The starting-point for up to half of all cases is a firm’s voluntary disclosure, but if costs continue to rise then firms may be more tempted to bury their bad news. Anti-corruption campaigners would have nothing to cheer if the cure ended up being more harmful than the disease. [br] In the last paragraph, the author is trying to argue that_______.
选项 A、few firms are willing to disclose cases of bribery
B、anti-corruption campaigners are prone to disease
C、most companies enjoy receiving good news
D、staggering costs will hinder bribery investigations
答案 D
解析 文章最后一段较难理解，其大意是：尽管贿赂的腐蚀性很强，但对于贿赂的反应也要适度。无尽无休的调查是人力财力的浪费。半数以上的贿赂案都是公司自己公布的。如果调查费用继续上升，公司就有可能知情不报，故意隐瞒。如果反腐的措施比腐败本身更可恶，那么反腐官员们也没什么值得庆贺的。总结起来就是：过高的费用不利于反腐。
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