2. 职称英语
  3. Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regul

Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regul

游客2025-03-25  21
问题     Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations foster family instability. They maintain that those regulations, which exclude most poor husband and wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance grants, contribute to the problem of family dissolution. Thus, they conclude that expanding the set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures would result in a marked strengthening of the low-income family structure. If all poor families could receive welfare, would the incidence of instability change markedly? The unhappily married couple, in most cases, remains together out of a sense of economic responsibility for their children, because of the high costs of separation, or because of the consumption benefits of marriage. The formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage. The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities. The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the resources or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage. Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic "cement" holding their marriage together. Since the family performs certain functions society regards as vital, a complex network of social and legal buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage. Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society, e. g. division of property, alimony child support, and the social stigma attached to divorce.
    Martial stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agreement on family consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the marriage partners-social-economic group. Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on family instability by reducing the cost of dissolution. To the extent that welfare is a form of government subsidized alimony payments, it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children. So welfare opportunities are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods, but this is not the result of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage. Rather, welfare-related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefits of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of government-subsidized alimony payments. [br] The author argues that
选项 A、the agreement between couples reinforces martial stability
B、expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stability
C、AFDC regulations are to blame for family instability
D、public assistance upsets the balance between benefits and costs of marriage
答案 D
解析 根据第一段“The formation，maintenance， and dissolution of the family are in large part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as seen by the individual members of the marriage”得知，作者认为婚姻家庭的稳定与婚姻的获益和成本间的平衡有关。而最后一段末句指出公共福利的资助既降低了婚姻的获益，也减少了其解体的成本，因而导致了由于福利引起的婚姻的不稳定。故选D。A项不明确，只是说“agreement”，而文中指出的是“agreement on family consumption and production”；B与文章观点相反；C项过于绝对。
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