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  3. Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well a

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well a

游客2025-03-24  23
问题     Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.
    Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.
    In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in America: if there were any marked influence on wages, that is where you would expect to find it, given the scale of immigration and the tendency of the newcomers to concentrate in certain areas. But most studies have compared wages and employment in areas with many immigrants to wages and employment in areas with few. For instance, one examined the impact of sudden and notorious inflow of refugees to Miami from the Cuban port of Mariel in 1980. Within the space of a few months, 125 000 people had arrived, increasing Miami’s labor force by 7%. Yet the study concluded that wages and employment among the city’s natives, including the unskilled, were virtually unaffected. Another study examined the effect of immigration on wages and employment of those at the bottom of the jobs ladder—unskilled blacks and Hispanics. It found that a doubling of the rate of immigration had no detectable effect on natives.
    The most recent work, admittedly, has tended to question these findings. Using more detailed statistics and more sophisticated methods than the earlier studies, this work has tended to find that immigrants’ wages take longer to rise to the level of the natives’ wages than has been supposed. This implies a more persistent downward pressure on the host economy’s labor market.
    Typically these studies find that immigration does depress unskilled natives’ wages to a small extent. But nearly all economists would agree that the effects of immigration are insignificant in relation to other influences. [br] It is certain, according to empirical research, that ______.
选项 A、immigration has a positive effect on native wages
B、immigration makes unskilled blacks and Hispanics worse off
C、immigration has only a small effect on native wages
D、immigration has a marked influence on natives in areas with dense immigrant population
答案 C
解析 细节题。第三段开头讲，大多数关于移民是否会导致本国工资降低的经验主义研究都没有明确结论，除了有一点之外是明确的，那就是：移民对本国工资的影响是很小的。所以C是正确的。
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