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  3. What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—br

What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—br

游客2025-03-18  10
问题     What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthrough such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
    Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
    Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.
    Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "
    A further stimulus to invention came from the "premium" system, which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.
    In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.
    Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process.... The designer and the inventor... are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist. "
    This nonverbal "spatial" thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea. "
    When all these shaping forces—schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking—interacted with one another on the rich U. S. mainland, they produced that American characteristic emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it meant a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.
Questions: [br] A technologist can be compared to an artist because______.
选项 A、they are both winners of awards
B、they are both experts in spatial thinking
C、they both apply various instruments
D、they both give up verbal description
答案 B
解析 第3题问为什么我们可以把技术专家比做是艺术家。本题仍然是一道具体细节题。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章第八段中找到相关信息。这段指出，这一非语言的思维方式像绘画、写作一样具有创造力。言外之意，技术专家和画家都是空间思维的专家。由此，我们可以推断出本题的正确答案应是B。而A项：他们都是获奖者，D项：他们都放弃语言描述和C项：他们都使用工具均不符合文章原文内容，是错误的干扰项。
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