首页
登录
职称英语
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the fre
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the fre
游客
2025-02-26
24
管理
问题
Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not ac- cord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. Ac- cordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing(the determination of prices by the seller)as both "normal" and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is nor- mal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning re- quires and rewards great size. Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting, because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explic- it agreements among large firms; it is not.
Moreover, those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United States. These economies employ intentional price-fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an industry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.
Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970’s, the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices. [br] With which of the following statements regarding the behavior of large firms in industrialized societies would the author be most likely to agree?
选项
A、The directors of large firms will continue to anticipate the demand for products.
B、The directors of large firms are less interested in achieving a predictable level of profit than in achieving a large profit.
C、The directors of large firms will strive to reduce the costs of their products.
D、Many directors of large firms believe that the government should establish the prices that will be charged for products.
E、Many directors of large firms believe that the price charged for products is likely to increase annually.
答案
A
解析
下面哪一个关于工业化社会中大企业行为的叙述是符合作者观点的?A.大企业领导会总期盼着人们对其产品的需要。正确。正是因为有这种期盼,所以大企业不能只为了眼前利益而竞相压价。见原文L29—36。B.大企业领导对一段利润比大利润兴趣小。无。C.大企业领导试图降低货物的成本。本文中未提到成本。D.许多大企业领导相信应由国家定价决定产品价格。无。E.大企业领导相信产品价格会每年上涨。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3973845.html
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]
Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]
Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]
Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelystatesthepurposeofthepassage?[br]I
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]Thepassag
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]Whichoft
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]Thepassag
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?[br]Theauthor
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?[br]Theaut
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?[br]Theaut
随机试题
TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportant
横向流动功能
动力原理是指善于利用较小的动力推动管理运动持续而有效地进行下去。()
2016年3月27日。由某施工单位总承包的拆迁安置房工程工地,在拆除塔吊过程中,
教育心理学发展的成熟时期所对应的年代是()A.20世纪20年代到50年代 B
患者,女性,42岁。甲状腺功能亢进症。行甲状腺大部切除术后,切口橡皮管引流。引流
下面关于货币政策对证券市场的影响,错误的是()。A:一国的经济越开放,证券市场的
路基工程施工应按设计要求进行()的动态观测。观测基桩必须置于不受施工影响的稳定地
毒性的上限指标有A.绝对致死量,最大耐受量,最大无作用剂量最小致死量 B.绝对
知识点:腰椎间盘突出症 下列选项中对诊断腰椎间盘突出无帮助的是 A.叩击试验
最新回复
(
0
)