首页
登录
职称英语
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuro
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuro
游客
2025-01-29
7
管理
问题
Neurotechnology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In Neuromancer, a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984, people can use neural implants to jack into the sensory experiences of others. The idea of a neural lace, a mesh that grows into the brain, was conceived by Iain M. Banks in his "Culture" series of novels. The Terminal Man by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans. (Spoiler: not good.)
Where the sci-fi genre led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck’s lab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Conventionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and depriving the patient of a sense of control. The lab’s ethicist, Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of alienation and complain of feeling like a robot.
To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements as a trigger for turning the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than slur his words.
Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the bolder visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realised. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project, in this case a neural speech prosthesis being developed by a consortium of European researchers. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating out what they want to say from what they think.
That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be decipherable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for therapeutic purposes but to augment people’s abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?
For some, these sorts of questions cannot be asked too early: more than any other new technology, BCIs may redefine what it means to be human. For others, they are premature. "The societal-justice problem of who gets access to enhanced memory or vision is a question for the next decades, not years, " says Thomas Cochrane, a neurologist and director of neuroethics at the Centre for Bioethics at Harvard Medical School.
In truth, both arguments are right. It is hard to find anyone who argues that visions of whole-brain implants and AI-human symbiosis are impossible to realize; but harder still to find anyone who thinks something so revolutionary will happen in the near future. [br] Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a question of sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces?
选项
A、Neural hacking.
B、Neural data and information.
C、Accountability.
D、Technical costs.
答案
D
解析
根据题干定位至第5段。题目问作为科幻版脑一机接口的问题,以下哪一项未被提及。该段中提出了科幻版脑一机接口的四个问题:神经黑客、神经数据及信息、问责以及大脑植入物会引发世界不平等。A、B、C三个选项符合原文,D项“技术成本”在文中未提及,因此正确答案为D项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3934404.html
相关试题推荐
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeuro
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeur
Neurotechnologyhaslongbeenafavoriteofscience-fictionwriters.InNeur
随机试题
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Com
Soviet’sNewWorkingWeekHistorianinvestigateshowStalinchangedthecalendar
女士们、先生们,朋友们:在中国农历新年伊始,我很荣幸访问英国,并出席“时代中国”活动开幕式。我谨代表中国政府,对“时代中国”活动的隆重开幕表示热烈祝贺
______nofurtherbusiness,theChairmanclosedthemeeting.A、ThereisB、Therew
关于难免流产下列哪项是正确的A.流产已不可避免 B.妊娠产物已部分排出体外
女性,28岁。近4天来出现低热、刺激性干咳,伴左侧胸痛。查体:双肺叩诊清音,双肺
A. B. C. D.
2018年6月6日,甲公司在P银行开立主办账户,并与其签订协议开通
根据《标准施工招标文件》,施工合同履行过程中发生过程变更时,由( )向承包人发出
某施工项目经理对商品混凝土的施工成本进行分析,发现其目标成本是44万元,实际成本
最新回复
(
0
)