首页
登录
职称英语
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most
游客
2025-01-23
0
管理
问题
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is believing, as the saying goes. In numerous cases, when witnesses pointed to the defendant, his or her fate was sealed. But how reliable is eyewitness testimony? Recent cases have suggested that despite our best intentions, we may unwittingly distort what we perceive.
Artists and psychologists have long known that "seeing" is not a simple matter of recording visual input. People perceive the exterior world through a complex matrix of cultural expectations, personality traits, moods and life experiences. For example, researchers tested the cultural influence on perception by showing a set of optical illusions to various groups, and found that different groups responded in divergent ways. Accustomed to and inundated by perpendicular structures, Western Europeans succumbed easily to illusions based on rectangular lines. On the other hand, the Zulu people of South Africa, whose environment had been comprised almost entirely of circular forms (round houses, doors, etc.) did not fall prey to those linear illusions.
Cultural expectations also influence the selectivity of our seeing. The amount of visual information that exists far exceeds our ability to process it, so we must filter that sensory input into recognizable images. In looking at a face, we do not see elongated ovals set in complex shadows and shading, we see eyes. And that filtering process is informed by what we perceive to be significant, which is influenced by cultural norms. Some cultures may emphasize differences in hair color or texture, others the shape of a nose or mouth, others the set of the eyes.
But it is not only group expectations that color what we see, personality and mood fluctuation can also alter our perceptions. Orderly minds who shun ambiguity will see an off- center image as firmly fixed in the center. The same photograph of four young men allows for shifting interpretations based on our current feeling: a mood of happiness reveals boys enjoying a relaxing day, while anxiety changes the picture to students worrying about exams.
In addition, numerous more prosaic factors affect our ability to record an image accurately. Duration of the encounter, proximity to the subject, lighting, and angle all affect our ability to see, and even stress may further undermine the accuracy of our perceptions.
What will this mean for criminal trials? Juries have often been reluctant to convict without eyewitness identification. Blood samples, fingerprints, and the like do not resonate as deeply with juries as does direct testimony, and frequently require understanding of complex scientific technicalities. But as confidence in eyewitness testimony wanes, such circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials. [br] The different interpretations to the same photo of four men were based on ______ .
选项
A、the sad mood of the boys
B、the happy mood of the students
C、the anxious feelings of the orderly minds
D、the current feelings of the people involved
答案
D
解析
细节题型见第四段第三句:同样一幅四个年轻人的照片可能会因为我们当时的情绪不同而有不同的解释;因此D为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3925551.html
相关试题推荐
CampaigningforvotesinthewesternprovinceofMaharashtrathismonth,Pri
CampaigningforvotesinthewesternprovinceofMaharashtrathismonth,Pri
我们的目标是让人们在不弄脏墙壁的情况下留下印记。(smear)Ourgoalwastoletpeopleleavetheirtestimony
Freudiantheoryindeedtookwestern20th-centurycivilizationbystorm.How
Freudiantheoryindeedtookwestern20th-centurycivilizationbystorm.How
Freudiantheoryindeedtookwestern20th-centurycivilizationbystorm.How
HealthofficialsinwesternSiberiaaretobegininslaughterofthousandso
HealthofficialsinwesternSiberiaaretobegininslaughterofthousandso
HealthofficialsinwesternSiberiaaretobegininslaughterofthousandso
HealthofficialsinwesternSiberiaaretobegininslaughterofthousandso
随机试题
Oneofthemostpowerfulspiritualawakeningsyoucanhaveistomakepea
TheauthormentionseachofthefollowingasacauseofexcessinventoryEXCEPT_
生物质能直接或间接地来源于绿色植物的光合作用,可转化为常规的固态、液态和气态燃料
共用题干 第三篇Boys'schoolsaretheperfectp
A.淡蓝色 B.淡红色 C.淡黄色 D.淡绿色 E.白色儿科处方印刷用纸
戚本计算账户是专门用来核算一定时期内所发生的应计入当期损益的各项费用损失和支出的
抵押人在抵押期间转让或处分抵押物的,商业银行必须要求其提出书面申请,并经银行同意
下列关于车辆购置税相关规定的表述,错误的是()。A.我国车辆购置税实行统一
投资项目决策分析与评价的基本要求包括贯彻落实科学发展观、资料数据准确可靠和()
关于施工测量控制网的布设原则,正确的是( )。A.精度不满足新的施工测量控制网
最新回复
(
0
)