首页
登录
职称英语
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intu
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intu
游客
2025-01-18
14
管理
问题
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking style. It plays gambits and takes risks. In some games it paralyzed Stockfish and toyed with it. While conducting its attack in Game 10, AlphaZero retreated its queen back into the corner of the board on its own side, far from Stockfish’s king, not normally where an attacking queen should be placed.
Yet this peculiar retreat was venomous: No matter how Stockfish replied, it was doomed. It was almost as if AlphaZero was waiting for Stockfish to realize, after billions of brutish calculations, how hopeless its position truly was, so that the beast could relax and expire peacefully, like a vanquished bull before a matador. Grandmasters had never seen anything like it. AlphaZero had the finesse of a
virtuoso
and the power of a machine. It was humankind’s first glimpse of an awesome new kind of intelligence.
When AlphaZero was first unveiled, some observers complained that Stockfish had been lobotomized by not giving it access to its book of memorized openings. This time around, even with its book, it got crushed again. And when AlphaZero handicapped itself by giving Stockfish ten times more time to think, it still destroyed the brute. Tellingly, AlphaZero won by thinking smarter, not faster; it examined only 60 thousand positions a second, compared to 60 million for Stockfish. It was wiser, knowing what to think about and what to ignore. By discovering the principles of chess on its own, AlphaZero developed a style of play that "reflects the truth" about the game rather than "the priorities and prejudices of programmers," Mr. Kasparov wrote in a commentary accompanying the Science article.
The question now is whether machine learning can help humans discover similar truths about the things we really care about: the great unsolved problems of science and medicine, such as cancer and consciousness; the riddles of the immune system, the mysteries of the genome.
The early signs are encouraging. Last August, two articles in Nature Medicine explored how machine learning could be applied to medical diagnosis. In one, researchers at DeepMind teamed up with clinicians at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London to develop a deep-learning
algorithm
that could classify a wide range of retinal pathologies as accurately as human experts can. (Ophthalmology suffers from a severe shortage of experts who can interpret the millions of diagnostic eye scans performed each year; artificially intelligent assistants could help enormously.)
The other article concerned a machine-learning algorithm that decides whether a CT scan of an emergency-room patient shows signs of a stroke, an intracranial hemorrhage or other critical neurological event. For stroke victims, every minute matters; the longer treatment is delayed, the worse the outcome tends to be. (Neurologists have a grim saying: "Time is brain.") The new algorithm flagged these and other critical events with an accuracy comparable to human experts—but it did so 150 times faster. A faster diagnostician could allow the most urgent cases to be triaged sooner, with review by a human radiologist.
What is frustrating about machine learning, however, is that the algorithms can’t articulate what they’re thinking. We don’t know why they work, so we don’t know if they can be trusted. AlphaZero gives every appearance of having discovered some important
@B@but sometimes mothers or siblings give us a surprise, too@C@but sometimes mothers or siblings turn out not to be genetic ones, either@D@but sometimes mothers or siblings do not show up, either principles about chess, but it can’t share that understanding with us. Not yet, at least. As human beings, we want more than answers. We want insight. This is going to be a source of tension in our interactions with computers from now on.
In fact, in mathematics, it’s been happening for years already. Consider the longstanding math problem called the four-color map theorem. It proposes that, under certain reasonable constraints, any map of contiguous countries can always be colored with just four colors such that no two neighboring countries are colored the same.
Although the four-color theorem was proved in 1977 with the help of a computer, no human could check all the steps in the argument. Since then, the proof has been validated and simplified, but there are still parts of it that entail brute-force computation, of the kind employed by AlphaZero’s chess-playing computer ancestors. This development annoyed many mathematicians. They didn’t need to be reassured that the four-color theorem was true; they already believed it. They wanted to understand why it was true, and this proof didn’t help.
(选自《纽约时报》2019年1月2日) [br] In the clause "so that the beast could relax and expire peacefully", the author uses the rhetorical device termed________.
选项
A、simile
B、personification
C、metaphor
D、exaggeration
答案
C
解析
修辞题。根据上下文可知,此处beast指代Stockfish,因此运用的修辞手法为暗喻,故正确答案为C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3918441.html
相关试题推荐
HowlongdoAmericansspendadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdev
[originaltext]Fromcellphonesandlaptopcomputerstocars,trains,evena
由于光导纤维数据链系统旨在供计算机和类似计算机的设备使用,所以具有下述优点:电缆体积小,重量轻,抗闪电和其他电磁干扰。Intendedforcomputer
In1971OCLC(OnlineComputerLibraryCenter)inDublin,Ohio,aworldleaderin
Byusingnewforeigntextbooks,wecouldnotonlylearntherightexpressionof
TohaveacomputerwithoutbeingconnectedtotheWebislikehavinganoldradi
Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat
Acomputerusuallyhasallthedataitneeds______initsmemorychips.A、store
Hesaidtherewasagreatgapbetweentheviewsexpressedinthemediaandwhat
The______ofelectroniccomputershasopenedupnewwaysofdataanalysisforthe
随机试题
Thelong,wetsummerhereinthenortheasternU.S.notwithstanding,there’sa
假设你是Harry,给超市经理写封投诉信。内容包括:1.昨天你在超中购物时,发现所售牛奶过期;2.向售货员反映情况,对方只顾聊天,置之不理;
在ISO的OSI模型中,为数据分组提供在网络中路由功能的是(3)。A.物
分红寿险和健康险保单在世界各地都很普遍。在分红寿险中,下列选项不是分红最常见的红
医德义务对医务人员职责的规定包括的两个方面内容是A.权利与义务 B.荣誉与幸福
端子箱竣工(预)验收标准卡中,密封检查要求端子箱内电缆孔洞应用无机堵料封堵,必要
小儿的生理特点有A.脏腑娇嫩 B.发育迅速 C.发病较快 D.对外界适应能
()是指对股票进行估值时,对可比较的或者代表性的公司进行分析,以获得估值基础。A
A.眶下区弥漫性水肿 B.以下颌角为中心的红肿可伴有明显的开口受限 C.下颌
【背景资料】 某机场场道土基为盐渍土。机场于2011年8月正式开始飞行区跑道加
最新回复
(
0
)