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  3. We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devis

We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devis

游客2025-01-16  4
问题     We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.
    Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, output with a norm, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities.
    There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks,  accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.
    The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort: a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.
    One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.  [br] One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is ______
选项 A、plenty of information
B、surplus human energy
C、destructive outbursts
D、less leisure time
答案 B
解析 这是道细节题。从倒数第二段的“One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers．”(社会快速引入电脑自动化所带来最急切的问题之一是如何填补那些取代了人类工作的机器所剩出来的时间。问题不仅仅是填补空余的时间，而且是如何利用那些剩余的即将释放的人的能量。)可以看出自动化的快速发展带来的最急切的问题就是给人们带来了很多空余的时间和剩余的能量。故选B。
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