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Which developed economies will gain most from the emerging economies’ new ec

游客2025-01-15  11
问题     Which developed economies will gain most from the emerging economies’ new economic muscle? Conventional wisdom has it that America’s economy is coping much better than Europe’s with competition from emerging economies, thanks to its flexible labor and product markets. According to this view, Europe is having a tough time dealing with globalization, burdened by high minimum wages, extensive job protection, high taxes and generous welfare benefits.
   But conventional wisdom may have got it wrong. Since 1997 employment in the euro area has grown slightly faster than in America. Over the past decade, European firms have been much more successful than America’s in holding down unit labor costs and thus remaining competitive. And since 2000 the euro area’s share of world export markets has risen slightly to 1770, whereas America’s share has slumped from 14% to 10X. Thus, by many measures of competitiveness, Europe appears to be coping better with the emerging economies than America.
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答案     新兴经济体的经济实力不断增强，那么哪些发达国家将从中获益最多呢?按常理判断，在如何应对来自新兴经济体的竞争时，美国要远比欧洲出色，而原因不外乎于其灵活的劳动力和产品市场。根据这一观点，欧洲国家受困于最低工资标准过高，劳工保护制度完善，高税收，高福利等因素，压力重重，难以应对全球化趋势。
   但实际情况恐怕并非如此。自1997年以来，欧元区的就业增长还比美国稍快。过去10年内，在控制单位劳动力成本方面，欧洲公司远比美国公司要成功，从而保持相当的竞争力。自 2000年以来，欧元区在全球出口市场所占比例稍有上升，达17%，而同期美国该比例自14%下跌至10%。因此，从多个竞争力衡量指标来看，在如何应对新兴经济体方面，欧洲均要胜过美国。
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