首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
游客
2025-01-05
38
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical roles which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, Say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] According to the writer which of the following is put of chivalry? A knight should______
选项
A、inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds
B、perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs
C、express his love for his lady from a distance
D、regard his lady as strong and independent
答案
C
解析
此题为细节题。第六段第三行到第五行是对谦恭有礼的描写,一个骑士对他所喜欢的女孩表达爱意,尽管他可能从来也不能接近她。这就是一种罗曼蒂克式的爱。因此C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3899272.html
相关试题推荐
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
[originaltext]Russia,France,GermanyandChinahaveproposedmajorchanges
AlaskaoftheUSAwasboughtfrom______inthe19thcentury.A、FranceB、RussiaC
[originaltext]TiesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFrancereachedalowpoint
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedlopromotepeace,prosperityandhumanrights.
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedlopromotepeace,prosperityandhumanrights.
TheUnitedNationswasfoundedlopromotepeace,prosperityandhumanrights.
[originaltext]Mr.SarkozysayshewantstheUKandFrancetowork"handing
随机试题
TheAmericanfarmershavealwaysbeenindependentandhard-working.Inthe
Afewyearsagoitwas【B1】______tospeakofagenerationgap,adivisionb
[originaltext]W:Whatareyouscratchingyourheadfor?M:I’vebeenrackingmy
Microbubbles:Anewtechniquetotreatdiseaseinvolvesthecarefulinjection
HowmanyuniversitieswerethereinBritainintheyearof1960?[br][original
在工程实施过程中发生索赔事件后,承包人首先应()。A.向工程师发出书面索赔
循环系统对体温的调节主要通过改变下列哪一因素而实现()A.皮肤血流量 B.
诽谤罪是指故意捏造并散布某种事实,损坏他人人格,破坏他人名誉,情节严重的行为。下
简述现代企业人力资源管理各个历史发展阶段的特点。
(2015年真题)具有断路保护功能,能起到灭弧作用,还能避免相间短路,常用于容量
最新回复
(
0
)